The nurse has administered prescribed allergen injections twice a week for several weeks to an individual with a bee sting allergy. The patient misses three appointments. What action should the nurse take on the patient's next visit?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Consult physician to confirm the dosage to be given. The nurse should consult the physician because missing three appointments may affect the patient's progress and tolerance to the allergen injections. The physician needs to reassess the situation and determine the appropriate action, which may involve adjusting the dosage or reevaluating the treatment plan. This ensures patient safety and effectiveness of the treatment. Summary: B: Administering the same dosage as the last visit may not be appropriate without physician consultation. C: Administering the dosage as originally prescribed may not account for any changes in the patient's condition. D: Restarting the entire immunotherapy schedule is an extreme measure and should only be considered after consultation with the physician.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: oxylabile anaerobes. These organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and are sensitive to oxygen radicals. Superoxide dismutase is essential for organisms that are exposed to oxygen, as it helps convert harmful oxygen radicals into less harmful peroxides. Therefore, organisms that lack this enzyme, like oxylabile anaerobes, would not be able to detoxify oxygen radicals and would not survive in aerobic environments. A: Aerobes have superoxide dismutase to protect against oxygen radicals. B: Facultative anaerobes can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and would benefit from having superoxide dismutase. C: Oxyduric anaerobes are resistant to oxygen and can still benefit from superoxide dismutase for detoxification.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: cell walls. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, do not have mitochondria or chloroplasts. ATP synthesis in microorganisms primarily occurs in the cell walls through processes like glycolysis and fermentation. Cytoplasmic membranes are involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells, not cell walls. Chloroplasts are only present in photosynthetic organisms, not in microorganisms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elasticity of the lungs, leading to air trapping and difficulty exhaling. This results in reduced gas exchange and airflow limitation. B: Bronchospasms are more commonly associated with conditions like asthma, not emphysema. C: Abnormal growth of epithelial cells is seen in conditions like lung cancer, not emphysema. D: Excessive mucus production is characteristic of conditions like chronic bronchitis, not emphysema. Summary: The correct answer is A because emphysema specifically involves the loss of elasticity of the lungs due to destruction of alveoli, leading to impaired airflow. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they describe features more indicative of other respiratory conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a codon is a triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. To be a codon, the triplet must be in the same reading frame as the start codon (AUG) to maintain the correct reading of the genetic code. Choice B is incorrect because codons are typically consecutive in mRNA. Choice C is incorrect as tRNA sequences are not codons. Choice D is incorrect because all codons correspond to specific amino acids.