ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse has a patient demonstrate self-administration of eyedrops. Place the steps in the order in which the patient will perform them.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order for self-administering eyedrops is: 1. Wash hands (g). 2. Remove the cap (d). 3. Gently shake the bottle to evenly distribute the drug (b). 4. Tilt the head backward and look upward (e). 5. Pull the lower lid away from the eye so that a pouch is formed (a). 6. Place the dropper just above the pouch without touching the tip to the eye or finger (f). 7. Gently squeeze one drop of medicine into the pouch (h). 8. Press a finger against the inner corner of the eye for 2 to 3 minutes (c). This sequence ensures proper administration and minimizes the risk of contamination or systemic absorption.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is being discharged on anticoagulant therapy. The nurse will include in the patient- education conversation that it is important to avoid herbal products that contain which substance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ginkgo is the herbal product to avoid because it can interact with anticoagulant therapy and increase the risk of bleeding. Ginkgo has blood-thinning properties, which can further potentiate the anticoagulant effects of medications like warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding complications. It's essential for patients on anticoagulant therapy to avoid herbal products containing ginkgo to prevent adverse effects and ensure the effectiveness of their prescribed medication.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following drugs need not be avoided or only used at a reduced dose in renal failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal failure alters drug clearance, requiring dose adjustments or avoidance. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, is metabolized hepatically to prednisone, with minimal renal excretion, making it safe without adjustment in renal failure. Netilmicin, an aminoglycoside, is renally cleared, risking ototoxicity if not reduced. Metformin, cleared renally, risks lactic acidosis in renal impairment, often avoided. Methotrexate, renally excreted, accumulates in failure, causing toxicity (e.g., marrow suppression). Tinzaparin, a low molecular weight heparin, requires adjustment due to renal clearance. Prednisolone's hepatic handling makes it the exception, safe for use in renal dysfunction without modification.
Question 4 of 5
Selegiline:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Selegiline selectively inhibits MAO-B, increasing dopaminergic activity in Parkinson's disease treatment.
Question 5 of 5
When taking Nitroglycerine (transdermal), you should have how many hours nitrate free each day?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When using Nitroglycerine transdermal patches, it is recommended to have a nitrate-free period of at least 10-12 hours each day to prevent the development of tolerance to the medication. Continuous exposure to nitrates can lead to a decrease in efficacy over time. By having a nitrate-free interval each day, the body has a chance to "reset" and maintain the effectiveness of the medication for angina control. It is crucial to follow this dosing schedule as directed by a healthcare provider to ensure optimal benefits and reduce the risk of tolerance.