ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse explains to the 85-year-old patient with a temperature that, with each degree of fever, the body loses _____% of water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (10%). For every degree increase in body temperature, the metabolic rate increases, leading to increased water loss through perspiration and respiration. This results in dehydration. A 10% water loss is a common estimate for the body's response to fever-induced increased metabolic activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the significant impact of fever on water loss in the body.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone major abdominal surgery. The nurse notices that the patient's urine output has been less than 20 mL/hour for the past 2 hours. The patient's blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, and the pulse is 110 beats/min. Previously, the pulse was 90 beats/min with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. The nurse should
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: contact the provider and expect a prescription for a normal saline bolus. The patient is showing signs of hypovolemia, indicated by decreased urine output, tachycardia, and hypotension. Administering a normal saline bolus can help restore intravascular volume and improve perfusion. Waiting for the provider to make rounds (choice B) can delay necessary intervention. Continuing to evaluate urine output (choice C) without addressing the underlying issue of hypovolemia can worsen the patient's condition. Ignoring the urine output (choice D) is not appropriate as it can lead to serious complications.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of developing acute kidney injury? A patient who
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient who was discharged 2 weeks earlier after aminoglycoside therapy is at the greatest risk of developing acute kidney injury. Aminoglycosides are known nephrotoxic drugs, and prolonged exposure increases the risk of kidney damage. The 2-week course followed by discharge indicates a high cumulative dose, which further elevates the risk. Choice A is incorrect because although aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic, a shorter duration of therapy compared to the patient in choice C reduces the risk. Choice B is incorrect as controlled hypertension with a blood pressure of 138/88 mm Hg does not directly increase the risk of acute kidney injury. Choice D is incorrect because while fluid overload can strain the kidneys, the direct nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides in choice C pose a higher immediate risk.
Question 4 of 5
The patient is admitted with complaints of general malaise and fatigue, along with a decreased urinary output. The patient's urinalysis shows coarse, muddy brown granular casts and hematuria. The nurse determines that the patient has:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: intrarenal disease, probably acute tubular necrosis. This is indicated by the presence of coarse, muddy brown granular casts and hematuria in the urinalysis. 1. Coarse, muddy brown granular casts suggest renal tubular damage, characteristic of acute tubular necrosis (ATN). 2. Hematuria indicates damage to the glomerulus or tubules, supporting an intrarenal cause. 3. General malaise, fatigue, and decreased urinary output are common symptoms of ATN due to impaired kidney function. 4. Choices A and B are incorrect because prerenal conditions and postrenal obstruction would not typically present with the specific urinalysis findings seen in this case. 5. Choice D is incorrect as a urinary tract infection typically presents with different symptoms and urinalysis findings. In summary, the presence of specific urinalysis findings and symptoms points towards an intrarenal cause, specifically acute tubular necrosis.
Question 5 of 5
A 100-kg patient gets hemodialysis 3 days a week. In planning the care for this patient, the nurse recommends
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a patient undergoing hemodialysis requires a higher caloric intake to meet their energy needs and prevent malnutrition. Hemodialysis can lead to protein loss, so a diet high in calories helps maintain muscle mass. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because protein intake is usually increased to prevent malnutrition, potassium restrictions are individualized based on lab values, and fluid restrictions are typically based on the patient's weight and urine output.