The nurse explains that prior to fertilization each cell is reduced from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes. This is referred to as the __________ number.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the basics of genetics is crucial as it underpins drug actions and responses in individuals. The correct answer to the question is A) haploid. The term "haploid" refers to a cell that contains half the usual number of chromosomes, which is 23 in humans. This reduction from the normal 46 chromosomes occurs during the process of gametogenesis, where germ cells undergo meiosis to produce gametes (sperm and egg) with half the genetic material. Option B) DNA is incorrect because DNA refers to the genetic material present in the cell's nucleus, not the chromosome number. Option C) Chromoses is misspelled and does not represent a valid term in genetics. Option D) Plastoderm is an unrelated term not relevant to chromosome reduction during gametogenesis. In the context of maternal monitoring during labor, understanding the genetic processes involved in fertilization and early embryonic development is important for assessing potential genetic risks or abnormalities that could impact the mother or the fetus. Nurses involved in maternal care need to have a strong foundation in genetics to provide accurate information and support to expectant mothers. Understanding the concept of haploid cells and their role in reproduction is fundamental to comprehending genetic inheritance patterns and potential complications that may arise during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of maternal monitoring during labor, optimal nursing care after an amniocentesis includes monitoring uterine activity. This is the correct answer because after an amniocentesis, it is crucial to monitor uterine contractions to ensure that the procedure has not triggered any unwanted changes in the uterine activity that could potentially lead to preterm labor or other complications. Monitoring uterine activity allows healthcare providers to detect any signs of distress early on and intervene promptly. Pushing fluids by mouth (Option A) is important for hydration but is not directly related to post-amniocentesis care. Placing the patient in a supine position for 2 hours (Option C) is not recommended as it can lead to decreased blood flow to the placenta and fetus. Applying a pressure dressing to the puncture site (Option D) is not typically done after an amniocentesis as it can increase the risk of infection or interfere with the healing process. Educationally, understanding the importance of monitoring uterine activity post-amniocentesis is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers caring for pregnant women. This knowledge helps in providing safe and effective care, ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the fetus during the critical period following the procedure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, the L/S ratio (lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio) is a crucial indicator of fetal lung maturity. An L/S ratio of 2:1 is generally considered normal, indicating mature fetal lungs. Option B, a 24-year-old gravida 1, para 0, with diabetes, would potentially have an abnormal L/S ratio of 2:1 because diabetes can delay fetal lung maturity, leading to a higher ratio than expected. Option A, a 38-year-old gravida 2, para 1, at 38 weeks' gestation, is less likely to have an abnormal L/S ratio as advanced maternal age alone is not a significant factor in fetal lung maturity. Option C, a 44-year-old gravida 6, para 5, at term, is also less likely to have an abnormal ratio as multiparity does not necessarily impact fetal lung maturity. Option D, an 18-year-old gravida 1, para 0, in early labor at term, is less likely to have an abnormal ratio as age and parity are not typically associated with delayed fetal lung maturity. Understanding these factors is essential for healthcare providers involved in maternal monitoring during labor to interpret and respond to variations in the L/S ratio accurately, ensuring the best outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of maternal monitoring during labor, it is crucial for nurses to understand the physiological changes that occur in pregnancy and how they impact laboratory values. Fibrinogen is expected to be elevated above prepregnancy levels. This is because fibrinogen is an acute phase reactant that increases during pregnancy to support the body's hemostatic needs during labor and delivery. Glucose levels are not typically expected to be elevated above prepregnancy levels during labor unless the client has gestational diabetes. Hematocrit levels may decrease slightly during pregnancy due to hemodilution, so they would not be expected to be elevated. Bilirubin levels are not typically elevated above prepregnancy levels during labor unless there are specific liver or gallbladder issues present. Understanding the normal physiological changes in pregnancy and their impact on laboratory values is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care to pregnant clients during labor and delivery. By knowing which values are expected to be elevated or altered, nurses can detect deviations from normal more effectively and intervene promptly if necessary.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding maternal monitoring during labor is crucial for providing optimal care to pregnant clients. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Chorionic gonadotropin. Chorionic gonadotropin, specifically human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation occurs. Elevated levels of hCG in a woman's blood or urine are a reliable indicator of pregnancy, making it a key hormone to test for in early pregnancy confirmation. Option B) Oxytocin is a hormone responsible for uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding, but its elevation alone does not confirm pregnancy. Option C) Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands, primarily postpartum. Elevated prolactin levels are not specific to pregnancy confirmation. Option D) Luteinizing hormone (LH) is involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation but does not reliably indicate pregnancy status. In an educational context, understanding the hormonal changes in pregnancy is essential for healthcare providers to accurately assess and monitor maternal health. By knowing which hormones are specific to pregnancy confirmation, healthcare professionals can effectively counsel and provide appropriate care to pregnant clients. This knowledge aids in early detection of pregnancy, prenatal care initiation, and overall management of maternal health during the labor and delivery process.