The nurse expects which maternal cardiovascular finding during labor?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Increased cardiac output. During labor, a woman's body undergoes significant physiological changes to support the demands of childbirth. One of these changes is an increase in cardiac output to ensure an adequate blood supply to the uterus and placenta. This increase in cardiac output helps to maintain perfusion to the vital organs and the developing fetus. Option B) Decreased pulse rate is incorrect because during labor, the pulse rate typically increases due to the increased demands on the cardiovascular system. Option C) Decreased white blood cell (WBC) count is incorrect because labor and delivery actually trigger an inflammatory response in the body, leading to an increase in WBC count as a protective mechanism against potential infection. Option D) Decreased blood pressure is incorrect because blood pressure may slightly increase or remain stable during labor due to the increased cardiac output and vascular resistance. Understanding these maternal cardiovascular changes during labor is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to monitor and support the well-being of both the mother and the baby. By recognizing these physiological adaptations, healthcare professionals can intervene promptly if any abnormalities arise, ensuring a safe and successful labor and delivery process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Primary powers are responsible for the effacement and dilation of the cervix. In labor and delivery, the primary powers refer to the involuntary uterine contractions that work to efface (thin out) and dilate (open) the cervix to allow for the passage of the baby. Understanding this distinction is crucial for nurses as they monitor the progress of labor and provide appropriate support and interventions. Option B is incorrect because it describes the relationship between effacement and dilation, which is not directly related to the roles of primary and secondary powers. Option C is incorrect as it discusses the impact of scarring on delivery but does not address the roles of primary and secondary powers. Option D is incorrect as it focuses on pushing during the second stage of labor and does not relate to the roles of primary and secondary powers in cervical effacement and dilation. Educationally, understanding the roles of primary and secondary powers in labor is essential for nurses to effectively assess labor progress, provide appropriate care, and recognize deviations that may require intervention. By knowing that primary powers are responsible for cervical changes, nurses can better support women during the labor process and communicate effectively with other healthcare team members.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During uterine contractions, blood flow to the placenta temporarily stops, causing a relative increase in the mother's blood volume, which, in turn, temporarily increases blood pressure and slows the pulse. Monitoring fetal responses to the contractions is important; however, this question concerns the maternal vital signs. Maternal blood flow is increased during a contraction. Vital signs are altered by contractions but are considered accurate for that period.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Active: Moderate, regular contractions; 4- to 7-cm dilation; duration of 3 to 6 hours. This phase marks the progression of labor as the cervix continues to dilate. The contractions become stronger and more frequent, indicating active labor. Option A is incorrect because the description aligns more closely with the latent phase of labor, where contractions are mild, dilation is minimal, and the duration is longer than stated. Option C is incorrect as there is no phase called "Lull" in labor and delivery. Labor involves progressive stages, and a phase with no contractions and stable dilation is not a recognized part of the process. Option D is incorrect as it describes the transition phase, which occurs when the cervix is nearly fully dilated, not during the first stage of labor. Understanding the stages of labor is crucial for nurses caring for laboring clients. By accurately identifying and differentiating between the phases, nurses can provide appropriate support and interventions to ensure a safe and positive birthing experience for both the mother and baby.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Pressure. In the context of labor and delivery, the five factors affecting the process are commonly referred to as the five Ps: Passenger, Passageway, Powers, Position, and Psyche. Each of these factors plays a crucial role in determining the progress and outcome of labor and birth. Passenger refers to the fetus and its position, size, and presentation in the birth canal. Passageway represents the birth canal itself, including the pelvis and soft tissues. Powers refer to the uterine contractions and maternal pushing efforts that facilitate the descent and expulsion of the fetus. Position relates to the maternal position during labor, which can impact the progress of labor. Psyche encompasses the emotional and psychological factors that can influence the birthing process. In this context, option D) Pressure does not align with the standard five Ps of labor and birth. While pressure can be a sensation experienced during labor, it is not one of the primary factors traditionally associated with the process. Understanding these five Ps is crucial for healthcare providers and expectant parents to comprehend the complexity of labor and delivery, optimize outcomes, and make informed decisions regarding childbirth.