ATI RN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
The nurse establishes trust and talks with a school-aged patient before administering an injection. Which type of implementation skill is the nurse using?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Interpersonal. The nurse is using interpersonal skills by establishing trust and communicating with the patient before administering the injection. This helps build rapport and alleviate anxiety. Cognitive skills involve problem-solving and critical thinking, not direct patient interaction. Psychomotor skills relate to physical tasks like giving injections. Judgmental skills involve making decisions based on critical thinking, not directly related to patient communication.
Question 2 of 9
A client receiving external radiation to the left thorax to treat lung cancer has a nursing diagnosis of Risk for impaired skin integrity. Which intervention should be part of this client’s plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas. Soap can irritate the skin and exacerbate the risk for impaired skin integrity in a client receiving radiation therapy. By avoiding soap, we minimize the risk of skin breakdown and promote skin healing. B: Applying talcum powder can actually worsen skin irritation and should be avoided. C: Wearing a lead apron is not relevant to the nursing diagnosis of risk for impaired skin integrity. D: Removing thoracic skin markings is not necessary for skin integrity and may disrupt the treatment plan.
Question 3 of 9
On a visit to the gynecologist, a client complains of urinary frequency, pelvic discomfort, and weight loss. After a complete physical examination, blood studies, and a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou test, the physician diagnoses stage IV ovarian cancer. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which initial treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct initial treatment for stage IV ovarian cancer is major surgery (Choice C). This is because at this advanced stage, surgery is typically performed to debulk the tumor and remove as much cancerous tissue as possible, followed by chemotherapy to target any remaining cancer cells. Radiation therapy (Choice A) is not typically the initial treatment for ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy (Choice B) is often used in combination with surgery, but surgery is usually the first line of treatment for stage IV disease. Choosing no treatment (Choice D) would be detrimental as the cancer is advanced and requires immediate intervention.
Question 4 of 9
Serum albumin Is to be administered intravenously to client with ascites, The expected outcome of this treatment will be a decrease in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abdominal girth. Serum albumin helps to increase oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, reducing fluid leakage into the abdomen and decreasing ascites, leading to a decrease in abdominal girth. Option A is incorrect because serum albumin does not directly affect urinary output. Option B is incorrect as serum albumin does not directly impact serum ammonia levels. Option D is incorrect because while serum albumin can help improve liver function, it does not directly treat hepatic encephalopathy.
Question 5 of 9
A client has squamous cell cancer of the right lung that has metastasized to the brain. In addition to chemotherapy for lung cancer, the physician prescribes lomustine (CeeNU), 100 mg/m2 as a single dose, to treat the brain metastasis. What are the major administration and excretion routes of lomustine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: I.V. administration and urinary excretion. Lomustine is typically administered intravenously, allowing for rapid systemic distribution. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys, thus the urinary route. This choice is correct as lomustine's pharmacokinetics align with this pattern. A: Oral administration and urinary - While some drugs are administered orally, lomustine is not typically given orally due to poor bioavailability. C: I.V. administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect. D: Oral administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect.
Question 6 of 9
A client with cancer is scheduled for radiation therapy. The nurse knows that radiation at any treatment site may cause a certain adverse effect. Therefore, the nurse should prepare the client to expect:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hair loss. Radiation therapy targets fast-growing cancer cells, which can also affect healthy cells such as those in hair follicles, leading to hair loss. This adverse effect occurs commonly with radiation therapy due to its impact on rapidly dividing cells. Hair loss is a well-known side effect that clients undergoing radiation therapy are often prepared for. The other choices, B: Fatigue, C: Stomatitis, and D: Vomiting, are also potential side effects of radiation therapy, but hair loss is specifically associated with radiation treatment due to its effect on hair follicles. Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer treatment in general, stomatitis is more commonly associated with chemotherapy, and vomiting can be a side effect of radiation but is not as directly linked as hair loss.
Question 7 of 9
Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology, causing:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology by causing cerebral edema, raised intracranial pressure, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebral edema is the accumulation of fluid in the brain tissue, leading to increased pressure. Raised intracranial pressure occurs due to the inflammation and swelling caused by the infection. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier allows substances to pass through that would normally be blocked, contributing to the inflammatory response. Therefore, all of these changes are interconnected and commonly observed in bacterial meningitis cases. Choices A, B, and C individually describe specific alterations seen in bacterial meningitis but do not encompass the full spectrum of changes that occur, making them incorrect options.
Question 8 of 9
A nurse adds a nursing diagnosis to a patient’s care plan. Which information did the nurse document?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it follows the correct format of a nursing diagnosis: "Problem related to Etiology." In this case, "Decreased cardiac output" is the problem, and "altered myocardial contractility" is the cause. This format helps identify the specific issue and its underlying cause, allowing for targeted interventions. Choice B is incorrect as it doesn't follow the problem-etiology format and lacks specificity. Choice C is also incorrect as it lacks a clear nursing diagnosis and specific etiology. Choice D is incorrect as it presents a symptom rather than a nursing diagnosis with an associated cause. Overall, choice A is the best option as it provides a clear, specific nursing diagnosis that guides appropriate nursing interventions.
Question 9 of 9
When teaching a preoperative older patient, which of the following is a technique to improve learning?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "Eliminate background noise." This technique is essential for older patients as they may have age-related hearing impairments. By reducing background noise, the patient can better focus on the information being conveyed. Sitting in bright sunlight (A) may cause glare and make it difficult to read or see clearly. Speaking in a high tone (B) may be perceived as aggressive or patronizing. Using small, white-on-black printed materials (C) may be challenging for older patients with visual impairments. Thus, eliminating background noise is the most effective technique to improve learning in preoperative older patients.