The nurse encourages a client with an immunologic disorder to eat a nutritionally balanced diet to promote optimal immunologic function. Autoimmunity has been linked to excessive ingestion of:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fat. Excessive ingestion of fat has been linked to autoimmunity due to its potential to trigger inflammation in the body, which can disrupt the immune system's balance and lead to autoimmune responses. High-fat diets have been associated with increased production of pro-inflammatory molecules, impacting immune function negatively. Protein (choice A) is essential for immune function, vitamin A (choice B) supports immune responses, and zinc (choice D) is crucial for immune system regulation. However, excessive intake of these nutrients typically does not directly lead to autoimmunity like excessive fat consumption does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neutrophil. Neutrophils are the most numerous type of WBC, typically comprising 50-70% of total WBC count. They are key players in the body's immune response, phagocytizing pathogens. Basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes are less numerous than neutrophils. Basophils are involved in allergic reactions, eosinophils combat parasitic infections, and lymphocytes play a critical role in adaptive immunity. However, in terms of sheer numbers, neutrophils outnumber the other types of WBC.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Anemia is a condition where there is a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells. 2. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues, so a decrease in their concentration leads to reduced oxygen delivery. 3. This decrease in red blood cell concentration can be measured through a decrease in hematocrit levels. 4. Choices A and B are incorrect because anemia involves a decrease, not an increase, in red blood cells and hemoglobin. 5. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions "decreased blood count cells," which is not a specific term related to anemia. Summary: The correct answer is C because anemia is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen delivery, while the other choices are incorrect due to inaccuracies in describing anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cold sensitivity. Severe anemia leads to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues, causing symptoms like pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion due to the body compensating for low oxygen levels. Cold sensitivity is not a common symptom associated with anemia. The other choices are directly related to severe anemia due to the lack of oxygen delivery to tissues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pallor. Pallor, which refers to paleness of the skin, is an early sign of anemia due to decreased red blood cell levels. Anemia causes reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, leading to paleness. Palpitations (A) may occur in anemia but are not an early sign. Glossitis (C) and weight loss (D) are not typically early signs of anemia and are more commonly associated with other health conditions.