ATI RN
Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse encourages a client with an immunologic disorder to eat a nutritionally balanced diet to promote optimal immunologic function. Autoimmunity has been linked to excessive ingestion of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Excessive ingestion of fat has been linked to autoimmunity. A diet high in saturated and trans fats can lead to chronic inflammation and disrupt the balance of immune cells, potentially triggering autoimmune responses in the body. Conversely, a nutritionally balanced diet that includes healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids from sources such as fish, nuts, and seeds can help support optimal immunologic function and reduce the risk of autoimmune disorders.
Question 2 of 5
A female client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receives family-planning counseling. Which statement about safer sex practices for persons with HIV is accurate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse. Safer sex practices for persons with HIV involve using condoms consistently and correctly during every sexual encounter to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to partners, regardless of their HIV status. Spermicide, while offering additional protection against pregnancies, does not provide additional protection against HIV transmission. Other contraceptive methods like birth control pills, implants, and injections are not effective in preventing HIV transmission. The intrauterine device is also not specifically recommended for clients with HIV as it does not provide protection against HIV transmission during sexual activities.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following blood types would the nurse identify as the rarest?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood type AB is the rarest of all the blood types. This is because individuals with AB blood type have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making it less common than other blood types. In the ABO blood group system, the distribution of blood types in the general population is approximately 45% type O, 40% type A, 11% type B, and only about 4% type AB. Therefore, blood type AB would be identified as the rarest in the given options.
Question 4 of 5
Aisa is to have blood transfusion. Which of the following problems is most likely associated with blood transfusion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemolytic reaction is the most likely problem associated with blood transfusion. A hemolytic reaction occurs when the body's immune system attacks the transfused blood, leading to the destruction of red blood cells. This reaction can cause serious complications, including kidney damage, shock, and even death. It is crucial for healthcare providers to carefully match blood types and perform compatibility testing before administering a blood transfusion to minimize the risk of a hemolytic reaction. Serum hepatitis, pulmonary edema, and allergic responses are potential complications of blood transfusions, but hemolytic reactions pose the most immediate and severe threat to the patient's health.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the ff is the effect of a decrease in the number of lymphocytes with age?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune system by helping to fight off infections and diseases. A decrease in the number of lymphocytes with age means that the immune system may not function as effectively as it used to. This can lead to a decreased resistance to infections, making older individuals more susceptible to illnesses and diseases. Therefore, the effect of a decrease in the number of lymphocytes with age is a decreased resistance to infection.