The nurse educator on the unit receives a list of high- alert drugs. Which strategy is recommended to decrease the risk of errors? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit access to high-alert drugs. This strategy is recommended to decrease the risk of errors because it restricts the availability of high-risk medications to only authorized personnel, reducing the likelihood of medication errors. By limiting access, only trained and qualified staff members will handle these drugs, minimizing the potential for mistakes. Explanation for other choices: A: Storing drugs on a shelf for quick retrieval may increase the risk of errors as it allows easier access to high-alert drugs, potentially leading to misuse or incorrect administration. C: Using special labels for high-alert drugs can be helpful but may not be as effective as limiting access in preventing errors. D: Providing increased training to staff is beneficial, but alone may not be sufficient to reduce errors if access to high-alert drugs is not restricted.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because mixing drugs in dessert poses a risk of incorrect dosage, interaction, or reduced effectiveness. This statement indicates a lack of understanding about medication safety, administration, and effectiveness. Option A is a correct statement about sublingual nitroglycerin administration. Option B emphasizes proper labeling for high-alert drugs. Option D is incorrect as crushing and adding water before disposing is a safe medication disposal practice. Mixing drugs with food could lead to unpredictable outcomes and must be avoided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The addition of glucuronic acid to a drug is a process known as glucuronidation, a Phase II metabolism reaction. This conjugation reaction is essential for detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. By adding glucuronic acid, the drug becomes more water-soluble, facilitating its excretion. Therefore, Option B is correct as it leads to inactivation of the drug. Option A is incorrect as it actually increases water solubility. Option C is incorrect as glucuronidation is a Phase II reaction. Option D is incorrect as the rate of glucuronidation can vary between adults and newborns due to developmental differences.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Liver. Bio-transformation of drugs mainly occurs in the liver due to the presence of enzymes responsible for metabolizing drugs. The liver plays a crucial role in breaking down drugs into metabolites that can be excreted from the body. The kidney (A) primarily filters and eliminates waste products, not metabolize drugs. The spleen (B) is involved in filtering blood and immune response, not drug metabolism. The brain (C) is mainly responsible for neurological functions, not drug metabolism. Thus, the liver is the primary site for bio-transformation of drugs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are cholinergic, meaning they release acetylcholine. Step 2: In the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in ganglia. Step 3: Since preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, they will also release acetylcholine at the synapse in the ganglion. Summary: - Dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are not typically released by sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. - Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter released by cholinergic neurons in the autonomic nervous system, making it the correct choice.