The nurse determines that a patient with acute renal failure is in the recovery phase when the patient experiences

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Recovery in acute renal failure is marked by decreasing BUN and creatinine as glomerular filtration improves, unlike weight (fluid variable), high output (diuretic phase), or electrolyte shifts (secondary). This distinguishes renal function restoration, critical for prognosis, contrasting with earlier phases' markers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prostatic urethra is lined with transitional epithelium, adapting to urine flow, unlike simple columnar (glands), while penile urethra has stratified columnar/pseudostratified, and membranous is transitional. This distinguishes urethral histology, key for anatomical precision, contrasting with incorrect linings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In purine synthesis, nitrogen at position 1 comes from aspartate (via adenylosuccinate), not alanine, glutamate, or glycine (other positions). This distinguishes purine biosynthesis, critical for nucleotide metabolism, contrasting with amino acid roles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Kidney hilum aligns with L1 vertebra, where renal vessels enter not thoracic or lower lumbar levels. This distinguishes renal anatomical position, vital for surgical/radiologic context, contrasting with spinal misplacements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pyonephrosis is pus-filled (suppurative) pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis (dilated pelvis), typically acute not chronic or non-suppurative. This distinguishes infectious obstruction, critical for urgent intervention, contrasting with chronicity.