ATI RN
Epidemiologic Question Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse could not find a vaccine in the refrigerator. The unopened vaccine vial had been put in a storage cabinet with the other medications. The nurse drew up the appropriate dose in the syringe and then put the vial of vaccine in the refrigerator. Which would be the most likely result?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary vaccine failure is the failure of a vaccine to stimulate any immune response. It can be caused by improper storage that may render the vaccines ineffective, improper administration route, or exposure of light-sensitive vaccines to light. Secondary vaccine failure is the waning of immunity following an initial immune response, often occurring with immunosuppressed and organ transplant patients in whom the immune memory is essentially destroyed. Although the injection will not feel so cold to the client, the problem that will result is primary vaccine failure.
Question 2 of 5
One hundred women received notification that their screening tests suggested that they might have a serious health problem. Which action should the nurse take to ensure that they will complete follow-up testing?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Not all positive screening results are confirmed with further diagnostic testing. The positive predictive value of a test (proportion of true positive results relative to all positive test results) is usually known for any screening test. Although one could argue that the test could be wrong, it is more therapeutic—because you want people to attend future screenings—to emphasize that screening is only suggestive than to say the screening test is inaccurate.
Question 3 of 5
Which factors are necessary to assume there might be a cause-effect relationship between a particular variable A and a specific illness? (Select One that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are six criteria for assuming possible causation including strength of the association, dose-response relationship, temporally correct relationship, biological plausibility, consistency among studies, and specificity. Only the 'easy-to-understand,' consistent research studies and the increased dose leading to increased illness are consistent with those six criteria.
Question 4 of 5
Who is known as the father of modern epidemiology?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: John Snow (A) is credited as the father of modern epidemiology for his cholera outbreak investigation in 1854, linking water sources to disease spread. Koch (B) and Pasteur (C) advanced microbiology, while Jenner (D) pioneered vaccination.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malaria (B) is vector-borne, transmitted by mosquitoes. Tuberculosis (A), influenza (C), and measles (D) are airborne or direct-contact diseases.