ATI RN
Oxygen Therapy NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse completes a shift assessment on a patient admitted in the early phase of heart failure. When auscultating the patient's lungs, which finding would the nurse most likely hear?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Discontinuous, high-pitched sounds of short duration during inspiration. In heart failure, the patient may develop pulmonary edema leading to crackles or fine rales on auscultation, which are best heard during inspiration due to the opening of collapsed alveoli. This is characterized by short-duration, high-pitched sounds. Option A is more indicative of rhonchi, commonly heard in conditions like bronchitis. Option B describes wheezes typically found in asthma or COPD. Option D describes coarse crackles, which are heard in conditions like pneumonia. Therefore, the most likely finding in a patient with early heart failure would be discontinuous, high-pitched sounds during inspiration.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which assessment finding is most concerning?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: SpO2 of 86% despite high-flow oxygen. This finding is most concerning as it indicates severe hypoxemia despite maximal oxygen therapy, which is a critical sign of ARDS. Hypoxemia is the main feature of ARDS and can rapidly lead to organ failure. Choice B (Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute) is within normal range and may not be as concerning in isolation. Choice C (Fine crackles in bilateral lung bases) is common in ARDS but may not necessarily indicate severity. Choice D (Heart rate of 102 beats per minute) is elevated but not as immediately life-threatening as severe hypoxemia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse teaches a patient about smoking cessation to reduce the risk of lung cancer. Which statement by the patient indicates effective learning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Choice B is correct because stopping smoking reduces the risk of lung cancer, even if the patient has smoked for years. Nicotine and other harmful chemicals in cigarettes damage the lungs, but quitting smoking allows the body to repair itself and lowers the risk of developing lung cancer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because cutting back on cigarettes still exposes the patient to harmful chemicals, chest x-rays are not recommended as a screening tool for lung cancer in the general population, and vitamins do not prevent lung cancer if the patient continues smoking.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse prepares to administer antibiotics to a patient with bacterial pneumonia. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because obtaining blood cultures before administering antibiotics helps identify the specific bacteria causing the pneumonia, guiding appropriate antibiotic selection. This step is crucial for targeted treatment and preventing antibiotic resistance. Administering acetaminophen (A) can be done after blood cultures. Performing a respiratory assessment (C) is important but not the first step. Giving antibiotics (D) without blood cultures risks inappropriate treatment.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse prepares a patient for a pulmonary function test. Which instruction is appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because smoking can affect lung function test results. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes can cause airway constriction and air sac damage, leading to inaccurate results. Option B is incorrect because bronchodilators can alter test results. Option C is incorrect as fasting may be required to avoid interference from food. Option D is incorrect because the patient should follow specific positioning instructions as lying flat can affect breathing during the test.