ATI RN
Introduction to Professional Nursing Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse closely monitors for hypercalcemia, an oncologic emergency that is manifested by.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fatigue, confusion, and weakness. Hypercalcemia is characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood, leading to neurological symptoms like fatigue, confusion, and weakness. This occurs due to the effect of excess calcium on the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as hypertension and bradycardia are not typical manifestations of hypercalcemia, laboratory results of potassium and sodium levels do not specifically indicate hypercalcemia, and decreased urine output is not a typical symptom of hypercalcemia.
Question 2 of 5
Diltiazem (Cardizem) is prescribed for a patient with newly diagnosed Prinzmetal's (variant) angina. Which action of diltiazem is accurate for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker. Step 2: Calcium channel blockers like diltiazem work by relaxing and dilating coronary arteries. Step 3: Coronary artery spasms are a characteristic feature of Prinzmetal's angina. Step 4: Therefore, the accurate action of diltiazem is to decrease coronary artery spasms. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because diltiazem does not directly reduce heart palpitations. Choice B is incorrect because diltiazem does not prevent coronary artery plaque. Choice D is incorrect because diltiazem does not increase the contractile force of the heart.
Question 3 of 5
A 62-yr-old patient who has no history of hypertension or other health problems suddenly develops a blood pressure (BP) of 198/110 mm Hg. After reconfirming the BP, it is appropriate for the nurse to tell the patient that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): 1. The sudden increase in blood pressure to 198/110 mm Hg indicates a hypertensive crisis. 2. Given the absence of a history of hypertension, further evaluation is needed to determine the cause. 3. Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring are essential to prevent complications and manage the condition effectively. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Waiting a few weeks for a BP recheck is not appropriate as the high BP requires immediate attention. B: While dietary changes can help manage hypertension, addressing the underlying cause is crucial in this acute scenario. D: Hospitalization may be necessary if complications arise, but this choice jumps to conclusions without proper assessment and management.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing moderate metabolic alkalosis. What action would the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in metabolic alkalosis, the blood pH is elevated due to excess bicarbonate levels. Teaching the client fall prevention measures is important as alkalosis can cause muscle weakness and confusion, increasing the risk of falls. Monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit (Choice A) is not relevant to metabolic alkalosis. Administering furosemide (Choice B) may worsen alkalosis by decreasing fluid volume. Encouraging deep breaths (Choice C) is not indicated as it can further decrease carbon dioxide levels, exacerbating alkalosis.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse evaluates the following arterial blood gas values in a client: pH 7.48, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 28 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L (22 mmol/L). Which client condition does the nurse correlate with these results?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anxiety-induced hyperventilation. The pH of 7.48 indicates alkalosis, likely due to hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis). The PaCO2 of 28 mm Hg is below the normal range (35-45 mm Hg), supporting hyperventilation. HCO3 of 22 mEq/L is within the normal range, compensating for the respiratory alkalosis. PaO2 of 98 mm Hg is also within the normal range. Therefore, the ABG values are consistent with a respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation due to anxiety. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: Diarrhea and vomiting for 36 hours would likely result in metabolic acidosis due to loss of bicarbonate, which is not supported by the ABG values. C: COPD typically presents with respiratory acidosis due to retention of CO2, which is not the case here. D