ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse cautions that constant stress can cause which alteration to the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because constant stress triggers the release of excess digestive juices, leading to increased acid production and potentially causing a gastric ulcer. Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn stimulates the release of stress hormones that can disrupt the balance of digestive juices. Slowed GI mobility (choice A) typically causes constipation, not directly related to stress. Reversed peristalsis (choice B) leading to projectile vomiting is more commonly associated with conditions such as food poisoning or intestinal blockages. Decreased digestive juices (choice D) would likely result in poor digestion and nutrient absorption, but it is not a common consequence of stress-induced alterations to the GI system.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is educating a group of older adults on ways to prevent falls. Which statement made by an older adult indicates the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Walking barefoot increases the risk of slipping and falling, especially for older adults with balance issues. Wearing shoes indoors provides stability and reduces the risk of falls. Choices A, B, and C all demonstrate good fall prevention strategies by addressing vision, home safety, and orthostatic hypotension respectively.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse caring for an 80-year-old woman who is undergoing the extensive bowel preparation for a colonoscopy. The nurse should most closely monitor the patient for which potential complication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metabolic acidosis. During bowel preparation for a colonoscopy, the patient may experience electrolyte imbalances due to fluid loss from diarrhea and bowel cleansing agents. This can lead to metabolic acidosis, characterized by low pH and bicarbonate levels in the blood. The nurse should monitor for signs such as confusion, weakness, and rapid breathing. Diarrhea (A) is a common side effect of bowel preparation but is not the most critical complication to monitor. Fatigue (C) and dyspnea (D) are not directly related to the electrolyte imbalances that can lead to metabolic acidosis in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
What does the term 'peristalsis' refer to?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peristalsis refers to the rhythmic contractions that move food along the digestive tract. This process helps propel food from the esophagus to the stomach and through the intestines for digestion and absorption. It is an involuntary movement controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to digestion, not movement. Choice B is incorrect as peristalsis is involuntary, not voluntary. Choice D is incorrect as peristalsis does not involve absorption but rather transportation of food.
Question 5 of 5
Which part of the digestive system absorbs most of the vitamins and minerals?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The small intestine is the correct answer because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption, including vitamins and minerals. It has a large surface area thanks to villi and microvilli, facilitating absorption. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, not vitamins and minerals. The mouth and esophagus are not involved in nutrient absorption but rather in the initial stages of digestion and transportation of food.