The nurse cares for a client who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation (afib). What is the therapeutic INR level?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: INR = 2-3. This range is the recommended therapeutic INR level for clients taking warfarin for conditions like atrial fibrillation. An INR of 2-3 indicates the blood is thin enough to prevent clot formation yet not too thin to cause excessive bleeding. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because an INR of 2-6 is too high and can increase the risk of bleeding, an INR of 6-3 is inverted and not a standard range, and an INR of 3-3 is not a valid range for therapeutic levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because collaborating with a client while developing a nursing care plan empowers the client to actively participate in their own care decisions, respecting their autonomy. This approach ensures that the client's values, preferences, and needs are considered, fostering a sense of control over their healthcare journey. Incorrect choices: A: This option focuses on setting goals for the client without necessarily involving them in the decision-making process, limiting their autonomy. B: While important for client safety, assessing for postprocedural complications does not directly promote client autonomy as it is more focused on the nurse's responsibilities. D: Encouraging independent ambulation is beneficial, but it does not necessarily involve the client in the decision-making process, unlike collaborating on a care plan.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Subjective data refers to information provided by the client themselves. Step 2: The client stating "I feel nauseated" is subjective data as it comes directly from the client. Step 3: This subjective data is valuable for assessing the client's symptoms and potential health issues. Step 4: Peripheral pulses, skin condition, and bowel sounds are objective data that the nurse can observe or measure. Step 5: Therefore, choice C is correct as it reflects subjective information from the client, aiding in a comprehensive assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Autocratic. In an emergency situation, quick decision-making and clear direction are crucial. An autocratic leadership style allows for rapid decision-making and immediate implementation of actions, which is essential during emergencies. This style ensures a swift response without the need for lengthy discussions or debates. Laissez-faire (A) would lack the necessary direction and control in a crisis. Democratic (B) may lead to delays in decision-making due to the need for consensus. Transactional (C) focuses on rewards and punishments for performance, which may not be suitable for an emergency where quick action is required.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) broader education including leadership, research, and public health. BSN-prepared nurses receive a more comprehensive education that encompasses leadership skills, research methodologies, and an understanding of public health issues, equipping them to deliver a higher level of patient care and take on more complex roles in healthcare settings. Option B) shorter duration of education is incorrect because BSN programs typically require a longer duration of study compared to ADN programs, but the added education results in a more well-rounded and prepared nurse. Option C) limited involvement in patient care is incorrect as BSN-prepared nurses are trained to be highly involved in patient care, with a focus on evidence-based practice and critical thinking skills to deliver quality care. Option D) increased focus on practical nursing skills is incorrect because while practical skills are important, BSN programs focus on a wider range of skills beyond just practical nursing, including critical thinking, communication, and leadership skills. In an educational context, understanding the differences between BSN and ADN-prepared nurses is crucial for nursing students to make informed decisions about their educational paths and career goals. It also highlights the importance of continuous learning and professional development in nursing practice.