The nurse assesses a male client's respiratory status. Which observation indicates that the client is experiencing difÏculty breathing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use of accessory muscles. This indicates difficulty breathing as the client is struggling to breathe, leading to the recruitment of additional muscles such as neck and chest muscles to aid in respiration. Diaphragmatic breathing (A) is a normal breathing pattern. Pursed-lip breathing (C) is a technique used to improve breathing efficiency. Controlled breathing (D) refers to breathing techniques that help in relaxation but do not necessarily indicate difficulty breathing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Oxygenate the blood. Nasal cavities are not directly involved in the process of oxygenating the blood. The main function of the nasal cavities is to filter dust out of incoming air, detect odors, and warm the air before it reaches the lungs. The blood is oxygenated in the lungs through the process of respiration, where oxygen from the air is absorbed into the bloodstream. Nasal cavities play a role in preparing the air for this process but do not directly oxygenate the blood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate ions and protons, enabling efficient transport of CO2 in the blood. Carboxypeptidase (B) is involved in protein digestion, not CO2 transport. Carbonase (C) is not a recognized enzyme. Decarboxylase (D) catalyzes the removal of carboxyl groups from molecules, not the conversion of CO2 in the blood. Therefore, only carbonic anhydrase is the correct enzyme for this specific function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Oxygen diffuses from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. 2. Blood entering systemic capillaries is oxygen-rich. 3. Tissues have lower oxygen concentration. 4. Therefore, PO2 in the blood is higher than that in the tissues. Summary: Option B is correct as oxygen moves from blood to tissues due to the concentration gradient. Option A is incorrect as PO2 in blood is higher. Option C is incorrect due to the oxygen concentration difference. Option D is incorrect as the concentration gradient drives oxygen diffusion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Forceful expiration. During forceful expiration, expiratory muscles such as the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles contract to increase the force of exhalation. This helps in pushing air out of the lungs more effectively. In contrast, during normal expiration (choice D), the expiratory muscles are not significantly engaged as the process is passive. Choices A and B are incorrect because deep inspiration and normal inspiration do not involve the contraction of expiratory muscles.