The nurse assesses a client who is scheduled to have a laboratory test to determine if the client’s adrenal glands are hypoactive. What type of testing would the client likely have?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provocative testing. This type of testing is used to stimulate the adrenal glands to produce hormones, helping to assess their function. Catecholamine testing is specific for hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. Suppression testing is used to assess overactivity of glands. Bone marrow testing is unrelated to adrenal gland function. In summary, provocative testing is the most appropriate choice to evaluate adrenal gland activity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ipratropium. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that has minimal cardiac side effects. It is commonly used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. In this case, the patient's history of heavy smoking, shortness of breath, and chronic coughing suggests a respiratory condition like COPD. Albuterol (choice A) is a short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator that can have cardiac side effects such as palpitations and increased heart rate. Prazosin (choice B) is an alpha-blocker used for hypertension and has no bronchodilator effects. Atenolol (choice C) is a beta-blocker used for hypertension and can worsen bronchospasm in patients with respiratory conditions. Therefore, the doctor likely prescribed Ipratropium to address the patient's respiratory symptoms while minimizing cardiac side effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glaucoma. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist that works by causing constriction of the pupil and increasing the outflow of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Increased salivary secretion (A) is a side effect of pilocarpine use. Pilocarpine is not indicated for treating intestinal colic (C) or cardiac arrhythmias (D).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amphetamine. Amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that helps manage narcolepsy symptoms by promoting wakefulness. It increases levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, enhancing alertness. Adrenaline (B), Isoprenaline (C), and Salbutamol (D) are not typically used to treat narcolepsy as they do not directly target the underlying cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. Adrenaline and Isoprenaline are more commonly used for acute situations like anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest. Salbutamol is a bronchodilator used for conditions like asthma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bethanechol is a parasympathomimetic drug that primarily acts on muscarinic receptors in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, causing increased smooth muscle contraction and promoting urination and improved GI motility. It does not affect intraocular pressure. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Methacholine - acts as a muscarinic agonist causing bronchoconstriction, not vasodilation. B: Neostigmine - inhibits acetylcholinesterase leading to increased acetylcholine levels, enhancing neuromuscular transmission, not directly stimulating skeletal muscles. C: Pilocarpine - acts on muscarinic receptors in the eye, causing miosis and increased aqueous humor outflow, not increased sweat secretion.