The nurse applies fetal and uterine monitors to the abdomen of a client in active labor. When the client has contractions, the nurse notes a 15 beats/min deceleration of the fetal heart rate below the baseline lasting 15 seconds. Which is the next nursing action?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Changing the maternal position. Deceleration of fetal heart rate during contractions can indicate umbilical cord compression. Changing the maternal position can relieve pressure on the cord, improving blood flow to the fetus. This action is a non-invasive and immediate intervention that can potentially improve fetal oxygenation. Calling the primary health care provider (A) can be done after addressing the immediate concern. Obtaining maternal blood pressure (C) is not the priority in this situation. Preparing for an immediate birth (D) is premature without first attempting non-invasive interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, gestational diabetes. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy can lead to preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and polyhydramnios due to placental dysfunction and impaired blood flow. Gestational diabetes, on the other hand, is a separate condition caused by insulin resistance during pregnancy. It is not directly related to chronic hypertension and its complications. Therefore, gestational diabetes is not a complication associated with chronic hypertension during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A,B,C

Rationale: A: Low socioeconomic status is a contributing factor to adolescent pregnancy due to limited access to education, healthcare, and contraception. B: Psychologic problems such as low self-esteem or mental health issues can increase the likelihood of adolescent pregnancy. C: Social problems like lack of support from family or peers, or exposure to risky behaviors, can also influence adolescent pregnancy. D: Unemployment, while a potential issue, is not directly linked to adolescent pregnancy as the other factors are more significant in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Yes, polyhydramnios increases the risk of a preterm delivery. Polyhydramnios, an excess of amniotic fluid, can lead to uterine overdistension, which may trigger premature labor. The increased pressure from the excess fluid can also cause premature rupture of membranes. This complication can potentially result in a preterm delivery, which carries risks for the baby's health and development. Choices A and B are incorrect because polyhydramnios is not a normal occurrence at the end of pregnancy nor a sign of lung maturity. Choice D is incorrect as umbilical cord compression is a potential complication of polyhydramnios but not the primary risk associated with it.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Varicella (chickenpox). Varicella virus is highly contagious and spreads through airborne particles. It can cause intrauterine fetal demise, skin scarring, eye, limb, or neurologic abnormalities, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and low birth weight in the fetus. Varicella infection during pregnancy can lead to severe complications for both the mother and the fetus. Toxoplasmosis (A), syphilis (B), and rubella (C) can also cause complications during pregnancy, but they do not match all the characteristics mentioned in the question.