The nurse administers medications to a culturally diverse group of patients on a psychiatric unit. What expectation should the nurse have about pharmacokinetics?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body processes medications, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Step 2: Cultural factors such as genetics, diet, and lifestyle can influence how individuals metabolize medications. Step 3: Different cultural groups may have variations in enzyme activity and genetic polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism. Step 4: Therefore, patients of different cultural groups may indeed metabolize medications at different rates. Summary: Choice A is correct because cultural diversity can impact pharmacokinetics. Choice B is incorrect as metabolism can vary among cultural groups. Choice C is incorrect as hepatic enzyme differences may not always be solely based on cultural factors. Choice D is irrelevant to the pharmacokinetics of medications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) typically exhibit rigidity, perfectionism, and a strong need for control. Option D reflects this by showcasing a resistance to changes and a desire for rules to govern decisions. Options A, B, and C do not align with OCPD characteristics as they involve avoiding responsibility, suspicions of hidden motives, and displaying entitlement respectively. Ultimately, choice D best captures the core traits associated with OCPD, making it the correct response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because providing external limits on client behavior helps establish boundaries and consequences for inappropriate actions, promoting accountability and potentially reducing guilt-inducing behaviors. This intervention can guide the client towards more appropriate behaviors and reinforce the importance of adhering to set limits. Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect: B: Foster discussions of rationales for behavioral change - While discussing rationales for behavioral change can be beneficial, it may not directly address the lack of guilt feelings in the client. C: Implement interventions consistently by only one staff member - Consistency in interventions is important, but limiting interventions to one staff member may not be sufficient to address the underlying lack of guilt feelings. D: Encourage the client to involve self in care - Encouraging client involvement in care is important for empowerment but may not directly address the lack of guilt feelings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it provides an empathetic and accurate response. It reassures the mother that her parenting did not cause autism, highlighting research on brain abnormalities as the primary factor. This response promotes understanding and reduces guilt. Option A is incorrect as it only mentions one potential factor (fetal alcohol syndrome) and does not address the broader causes of ASD. Option C is incorrect as it wrongly implies that the mother's role is greater than the father’s in causing ASD, which is not supported by research. Option D is incorrect as it wrongly suggests that lack of early bonding or breastfeeding might cause autism, which is not substantiated by scientific evidence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because holding the client's head steady and applying a helmet is the most appropriate intervention to prevent injury while addressing the head-banging behavior. Restraints (choice A) are not recommended as they can escalate aggression. Sedating the client (choice B) may have adverse effects. Distracting the client (choice D) does not address the safety concern directly.