ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse administers IV magnesium sulfate to a client with preeclampsia. Which finding indicates a therapeutic effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate prevents seizures in preeclampsia via CNS depression. Absence of seizures indicates therapeutic effect, the primary goal. Decreased BP isn't magnesium's role'antihypertensives manage that. Increased urine output isn't specific. Reduced reflexes signal toxicity, not efficacy. Seizure prevention aligns with magnesium's mechanism, critical in preeclampsia where eclamptic risk is high, making D the key finding of successful therapy.
Question 2 of 5
A 13-year-old boy with moderate asthma presents to the clinic for follow-up. His symptoms appear to be better controlled since adding salmeterol to his regimen. He has had to use his rescue inhaler once over the past 2 weeks during exertion. His breathing at night has improved as well. How does salmeterol exhibit its beneficial effects for asthma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salmeterol improves asthma as a long-acting β2-agonist , relaxing bronchial smooth muscle for 12 hours. β1 agonism (A, C) affects the heart. β1 antagonism or β2 antagonism (E) worsen asthma. Salmeterol's specificity enhances control.
Question 3 of 5
Nefopam:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nefopam is contraindicated in epilepsy due to its potential for lowering the seizure threshold.
Question 4 of 5
The client has osteomalacia, and the physician has ordered a treatment to restore calcium balance. What will the nurse plan to administer to the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osteomalacia softens bones-vitamin D with calcium boosts absorption, correcting deficiency, per pathophysiology. Veggies and milk help but lack D's focus. Potassium is unrelated-D drives calcium use. This duo restores balance, per treatment.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has received an overdose of intravenous heparin, and is showing signs of excessive bleeding. Which substance is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the action of thrombin and factor Xa. Protamine works by binding to heparin and neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. This helps to reverse the effects of heparin and control excessive bleeding in cases of overdose. It is important to administer protamine sulfate promptly to counteract the effects of heparin and prevent further bleeding complications. Options A, B, and D are not the correct antidotes for heparin overdose.