The nurse administered neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin to a diabetic client at 7am. At what time would the nurse expect the client to be at most risk for a hypoglycemic reaction?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: NPH insulin typically peaks in its action around 6-10 hours after administration. Therefore, after administering NPH insulin at 7am, the client would be at most risk for a hypoglycemic reaction around 10pm. This is when the insulin is exerting its strongest effect, potentially leading to lower blood sugar levels. Monitoring for hypoglycemia during this time frame is crucial to ensure prompt intervention if needed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Proper positioning is crucial in preventing the development of contractures in patients with spasticity of the lower extremities. Contractures can result from prolonged positioning in a way that shortens the muscle-tendon unit. By ensuring proper positioning, the nurse can help maintain the muscles and joints in a neutral and extended position, minimizing the risk of contractures. This may involve positioning supports such as pillows, splints, or footboards to keep the limbs in an optimal position.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: It is crucial to give the patient with aphasia time to complete their sentence. Aphasia can impact a person's ability to find the right words, so allowing them the time to express themselves can be helpful. Rushing or providing excessive cues could lead to frustration and may not allow the patient the opportunity to find the appropriate words on their own. Being patient and giving the individual time to communicate can be empowering and supportive.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Efferent neurons, also known as motor neurons, transmit impulses from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the muscles and glands in the body. These neurons are responsible for inducing muscle contraction or glandular secretion in response to signals from the brain or spinal cord. In contrast, afferent neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system to convey sensory information. Thus, the correct answer is efferent neurons.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where there is a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood due to hyperventilation, leading to an increase in pH. In respiratory alkalosis, the body is expelling too much carbon dioxide, causing the blood to become more alkaline. The nurse's interpretation of the situation as respiratory alkalosis suggests that the patient may be breathing rapidly or deeply, resulting in the elimination of excess carbon dioxide and a shift towards alkalosis.