ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse acknowledges that the first-line drug for treating this client's blood pressure might be which drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are considered a first-line drug for treating hypertension in many patients. They work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are well tolerated and have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hypertension. Other medication classes such as diuretics, alpha blockers, and alpha/beta blockers may also be used in the management of hypertension but ACE inhibitors are often preferred as a first-line therapy due to their efficacy, safety profile, and proven outcomes in hypertension management.
Question 2 of 5
Enzymatic activity that changes a medication into a less active form is an example of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enzymatic change to a less active form is metabolism, a pharmacokinetic process altering drugs for excretion, distinct from pharmacodynamics (drug effects), active transport (energy-driven movement), or diffusion (passive spread). Pharmacokinetics governs this transformation, key to drug handling.
Question 3 of 5
What is a common side e昀昀ect of Albuterol?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A common side effect of Albuterol, a bronchodilator medication used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions, is paradoxical bronchospasm. This paradoxical reaction leads to an unexpected constriction of the airways instead of the expected relaxation. It can result in increased breathing difficulties and chest tightness, requiring immediate medical attention. Other possible side effects of Albuterol include tremors, palpitations, headache, and nervousness, but paradoxical bronchospasm is notable due to its potential severity and the need for prompt intervention.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin (Dilantin) to a patient who has a seizure disorder. The nurse notes that the last random serum drug level was 18 mcg/mL. What action Will the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A random serum phenytoin level of 18 mcg/mL is above the therapeutic range (usually 10-20 mcg/mL) and may indicate that the patient is at risk for toxicity. The nurse should contact the provider to discuss decreasing the phenytoin dose in order to prevent potential toxic effects such as ataxia, nystagmus, and confusion. Administering the current dose without addressing the elevated serum level could increase the risk of toxicity. Monitoring closely for toxicity (Choice D) is appropriate after the dosage adjustment is discussed with the provider. Reporting drug toxicity to the providers (Choice E) may be necessary if toxicity symptoms develop or if the provider does not respond to the recommendation to decrease the dose.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse reviews the list of medications and is aware that red blood cell production can be stimulated with which drug for anemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epoetin alfa is a recombinant form of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. It is used to treat anemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease or those undergoing chemotherapy. Filgrastim and sargramostim stimulate white blood cell production, while interleukin 2 is used to boost the immune system. The nurse should recognize epoetin alfa as the appropriate drug for managing anemia and monitor the patient's hemoglobin levels during treatment.