ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse acknowledges that the first-line drug for treating this client's blood pressure might be which drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are considered a first-line drug for treating hypertension in many patients. They work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are well tolerated and have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hypertension. Other medication classes such as diuretics, alpha blockers, and alpha/beta blockers may also be used in the management of hypertension but ACE inhibitors are often preferred as a first-line therapy due to their efficacy, safety profile, and proven outcomes in hypertension management.
Question 2 of 5
All are true of morphine , except :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic that is commonly used for pain management, but it is not typically used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Instead, medications such as loperamide or diphenoxylate/atropine are more commonly employed for managing diarrhea. Morphine can actually cause constipation as a side effect due to its action on opioid receptors in the gut. Therefore, the statement that morphine is used to treat diarrhea and dysentery is false.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin (Dilantin) to a patient who has a seizure disorder. The nurse notes that the last random serum drug level was 18 mcg/mL. What action Will the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A random serum phenytoin level of 18 mcg/mL is above the therapeutic range (usually 10-20 mcg/mL) and may indicate that the patient is at risk for toxicity. The nurse should contact the provider to discuss decreasing the phenytoin dose in order to prevent potential toxic effects such as ataxia, nystagmus, and confusion. Administering the current dose without addressing the elevated serum level could increase the risk of toxicity. Monitoring closely for toxicity (Choice D) is appropriate after the dosage adjustment is discussed with the provider. Reporting drug toxicity to the providers (Choice E) may be necessary if toxicity symptoms develop or if the provider does not respond to the recommendation to decrease the dose.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse reviews the list of medications and is aware that red blood cell production can be stimulated with which drug for anemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epoetin alfa is a recombinant form of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. It is used to treat anemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease or those undergoing chemotherapy. Filgrastim and sargramostim stimulate white blood cell production, while interleukin 2 is used to boost the immune system. The nurse should recognize epoetin alfa as the appropriate drug for managing anemia and monitor the patient's hemoglobin levels during treatment.
Question 5 of 5
A 20-year-old woman comes to the clinic for follow-up related to isotretinoin use. Which information from the iPLEDGE program will the nurse provide to the patient? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The iPLEDGE program is a risk management program for isotretinoin to prevent fetal exposure. Patients must review iPLEDGE educational materials (B) and provide a negative pregnancy test before each monthly refill (C). Two methods of contraception are required, not one (A). Informed consent is required (D is incorrect). A 30-day, not 60-day, supply is prescribed (E is incorrect).