The NP is teaching an NP student about medication for ADHD. Which statement by the NP student indicates understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Patients taking stimulant drugs for ADHD may lose weight due to appetite suppression as a common side effect. This statement indicates understanding of the teaching because it reflects the known side effect of stimulant medications. Choice A is incorrect as NP students cannot dispense medications without proper authorization. Choice B is incorrect because abruptly stopping ADHD medications can lead to withdrawal symptoms. Choice C is incorrect as crushing extended-release medications can alter their intended effect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Teratogenicity. Teratogenicity refers to the ability of a drug to cause harm to a developing fetus. This factor is crucial in determining drug actions because drugs can have different effects on pregnant women and their unborn babies. Age (B), body weight (C), and metabolic rate (D) can influence drug actions, but they do not directly address the impact on a developing fetus, unlike teratogenicity. Thus, A is the correct choice as it specifically relates to the potential harm drugs can cause during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C because ethambutol targets arabinosyl transferase, an enzyme involved in mycobacterial cell wall synthesis. Resistance is commonly due to gene-induced changes in this enzyme, reducing drug efficacy. A: Topoisomerase II is not targeted by ethambutol. B: Increased metabolism wouldn't affect drug's target. D: Multiefflux pump activity is not related to ethambutol resistance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amphotericin B. This drug is known to cause abnormal lab results such as electrolyte imbalances (specifically hypokalemia), kidney dysfunction, and liver enzyme elevations due to its nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects. Amphotericin B is a potent antifungal medication used for severe fungal infections. Incorrect Choices: B: Fluconazole is less likely to cause significant abnormalities in lab results compared to Amphotericin B. C: Griseofulvin is not associated with the same degree of nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects as Amphotericin B. D: Flucytosine is not typically known for causing electrolyte imbalances or liver/kidney dysfunction like Amphotericin B.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Fluconazole is metabolized by fungal cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Step 2: Gene-induced changes in these enzymes can lead to decreased drug efficacy. Step 3: Resistance to fluconazole commonly involves alterations in cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Step 4: Therefore, gene-induced changes in fungal cytochrome P-450 enzymes are most likely the mechanism of resistance in this patient. Summary: A is incorrect as topoisomerase II is not a target of fluconazole. B is incorrect as increased metabolism would not lead to resistance. D is incorrect as decreased activity of multiefflux pump would increase drug accumulation, not resistance.