The normal response to increased serum osmolality is the release of

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Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

The normal response to increased serum osmolality is the release of

A. aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, which stimulates sodium excretion by the kidney. B. ADH from the posterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water. C. mineralocorticoids from the adrenal gland, which stimulate the kidney to excrete potassium. D. calcitonin from the thyroid gland, which increases bone resorption and decreases serum calcium levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Question 2 of 5

Priority Decision: A patient taking insulin has recorded fasting glucose levels above 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) on awakening for the last five mornings. What should the nurse advise the patient to do first?

A. Increase the evening insulin dose to prevent the dawn phenomenon. B. Use a single-dose insulin regimen with an intermediate-acting insulin. C. Monitor the glucose level at bedtime, between 2:00 am and 4:00 am, and on arising. D. Decrease the evening insulin dosage to prevent night hypoglycemia and the Somogyi effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Question 3 of 5

Which statement best describes atherosclerotic disease affecting the cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular systems in patients with diabetes?

A. It can be prevented by tight glucose control. B. It occurs with a higher frequency and earlier onset than in the nondiabetic population. C. It is caused by the hyperinsulinemia related to insulin resistance common in type 2 diabetes. D. It cannot be modified by reduction of risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and high fat intake.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Question 4 of 5

What characteristic is related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

A. Enlarged thyroid gland B. Viral-induced hyperthyroidism C. Bacterial or fungal infection of thyroid gland D. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis with antibody destruction of thyroid tissue

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Question 5 of 5

When the patient with parathyroid disease experiences symptoms of hypocalcemia, what is a measure that can be used to temporarily raise serum calcium levels?

A. Administer IV normal saline. B. Administer furosemide (Lasix) as ordered. C. Have patient rebreathe in a paper bag. D. Administer oral phosphorus supplements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

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