The NIDA estimates that the annual cost of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs is over in costs related to crime, lost work productivity, and health care.

The NIDA estimates that the annual cost of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs is over in costs related to crime, lost work productivity, and health care.

A 21-year-old man is seen in clinic for management of seizures. He has had several episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizure activity with resultant oral trauma and incontinence. Some of his events may have started with focal shaking in the right arm, although this history is unclear. EEG reveals no epileptiform activity or asymmetry, and brain imaging is unremarkable. Of the following anticonvulsants, which would be most appropriate for this patient?

Psychogenic nonepileptic events occurring in which of the following populations are most likely to be misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures?

A 30-year-old man who has had focal epilepsy for 15 years still experiences four to five episodes per month despite medication. He takes two anticonvulsants; his current medications are the ninth and tenth drugs he has tried. Repeated EEGs have shown a right temporal focus. He is on disability and lives with his parents. What is the next best step in management of this patient?

A 33-year-old man with epilepsy presents to the ED after a seizure with an associated fall. He is initially at his baseline neurologic status but then develops a generalized seizure lasting 5 minutes. What is the most appropriate next step in management?