The neonate usually passes meconium within

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 8 to 24 hours. In the neonate, meconium is the first stool passed after birth, and it typically occurs within the first 24 hours of life. This is because meconium is formed in the fetal intestines and is expelled once the baby is born. The process of passing meconium is a normal physiological function that indicates the baby's digestive system is functioning properly. Option A) 6 to 8 hours is incorrect because it is too early for the neonate to pass meconium. Option C) 48 to 72 hours is also incorrect as meconium is usually passed before this timeframe. Understanding the timing of meconium passage is important for healthcare providers caring for newborns as it helps assess the baby's gastrointestinal health. It also provides valuable information about the baby's feeding and overall well-being in the immediate postnatal period. Educating healthcare professionals about the typical timeline for meconium passage in neonates ensures appropriate monitoring and intervention if necessary.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of the infantile form of Tay-Sachs disease, the correct classification as a metabolic defect (Option C) is based on the underlying pathophysiology of the condition. Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, leading to the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in cells, particularly in the brain. This metabolic defect results in progressive neurodegeneration, especially in infants. Option A, chromosomal abnormality, is incorrect because Tay-Sachs disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, not due to a chromosomal anomaly. Option B, blood disorder, is also incorrect as Tay-Sachs primarily affects the central nervous system and is not a disorder related to blood cells or clotting factors. In an educational context, understanding the classification of Tay-Sachs disease as a metabolic defect is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly in fields like genetics, pediatrics, and neurology. This knowledge helps in recognizing the disease's etiology, symptoms, and treatment options, contributing to improved patient care and genetic counseling. It also underscores the importance of early detection and genetic screening to prevent or manage genetic disorders effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) enable. In the context of caring for a pregnant woman, the CARE principles stand for Communication, Advocate, Respect, and Enable. Enabling refers to empowering the pregnant woman to make informed decisions about her care, providing her with the necessary resources and support to actively participate in her healthcare decisions and management. This is crucial during pregnancy as it promotes autonomy, self-efficacy, and positive health outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Option B) educate, while important, does not fully capture the essence of enabling the pregnant woman to take an active role in her care. Education is a part of enabling, but it is not the sole focus of this principle. Option C) engage is also relevant in the care of pregnant women, but it does not specifically address the concept of empowering the woman to make decisions about her care, which is the core of enabling. In an educational context, understanding the CARE principles and how they apply to the care of pregnant women is essential for healthcare providers. By grasping the importance of enabling, they can better support pregnant women in taking charge of their health and well-being during this critical period.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) myelomeningocele. Myelomeningocele is a severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and its protective covering (meninges) protrude through an opening in the spine. This neural tube defect occurs early in pregnancy when the neural tube fails to close properly. Hydrocephalus, the buildup of fluid in the brain, is commonly associated with myelomeningocele. The protrusion of the spinal cord can disrupt the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to hydrocephalus. This occurs because the spinal cord's abnormal development can affect the normal circulation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, causing a buildup in the brain's ventricles. The other options, spina bifida occulta (A) and meningocele (C), are less severe forms of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges do not protrude through the spine. These conditions are not typically associated with hydrocephalus as there is no direct impact on the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. In an educational context, understanding the relationship between neural tube defects and associated complications like hydrocephalus is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those in obstetrics, pediatrics, and neurology. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of these conditions early can lead to prompt interventions and improved outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) supine hypotensive syndrome. This condition occurs when a pregnant woman lies flat on her back, compressing the inferior vena cava, leading to reduced blood return to the heart, decreased cardiac output, and lowered blood pressure. This can result in dizziness and inadequate blood flow to the brain. Option A) hyperventilation and shortness of breath is unlikely in this scenario as the symptom of dizziness is not typically associated with these issues in a pregnant woman at 38-weeks gestation. Option B) nutritional imbalance is also less likely to be the cause of dizziness when lying flat in a pregnant woman at this stage of pregnancy, as the symptom is more indicative of a physiological issue related to the position. Educationally, understanding the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, such as the compression of the vena cava in the supine position, is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize and address potential complications. This knowledge can help in providing appropriate interventions to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the unborn child. It also highlights the importance of proper positioning and monitoring during pregnancy to prevent complications like supine hypotensive syndrome.