The National Marrow Donor Program obtains hematopoietic stem cells from donors for recipients in need. When discussing this donation with the donor, what should the nurse know about these stem cells?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "These cells will form new blood cells for the recipient," is the correct answer. Hematopoietic stem cells are responsible for the continuous production of blood cells in the body. When a donor provides these stem cells to a recipient in need, they can replenish the recipient's blood cell supply. This process is crucial for patients undergoing treatments like bone marrow transplants. Option A, "They must come from an embryo or umbilical cord," is incorrect because hematopoietic stem cells can also be obtained from adult donors, not just embryos or umbilical cords. It is essential for nurses to provide accurate information to potential donors to dispel any misconceptions they may have about the sources of these stem cells. Option C, "Taking these cells will cause the donor to become anemic," is incorrect. Donating hematopoietic stem cells does not lead to anemia in the donor. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to educate donors about the potential risks and side effects associated with stem cell donation, which typically do not include anemia. Option D, "These cells must be removed with a bone marrow aspiration," is incorrect because hematopoietic stem cells can be obtained through various methods, not just bone marrow aspiration. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the different techniques used to collect stem cells to provide comprehensive information to donors and recipients. Educationally, understanding the role of hematopoietic stem cells in blood cell production and transplantation is vital for healthcare providers working in fields like oncology, hematology, and transplant medicine. Providing accurate information to potential donors helps ensure informed decision-making and promotes successful outcomes for both donors and recipients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) He has multiple chemical sensitivities. The nurse suspects this because the patient experiences symptoms like headache, sore throat, shortness of breath, and nausea when exposed to certain chemicals present in his girlfriend's perfume and the paint in her apartment. Multiple chemical sensitivities refer to individuals having exaggerated reactions to various environmental chemicals, which aligns with the patient's symptoms in this case. Option A) He has posttraumatic stress disorder does not align with the patient's symptoms and experiences related to exposure to specific chemicals, making it an incorrect choice. Option C) He needs to wear a mask when he paints is a partial measure and does not address the broader issue of multiple chemical sensitivities. Option D) He is looking for an excuse to break up with his girlfriend is an inappropriate and dismissive response to the patient's concerns. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and understanding multiple chemical sensitivities, a condition that can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to listen to patients' symptoms and experiences to provide accurate assessments and appropriate care. Understanding such conditions is crucial in pharmacology to ensure safe and effective medication management for individuals with unique sensitivities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) All of the above. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are the three antibiotic-resistant bacteria of most current concern in North America. MRSA is a common cause of skin infections and can lead to severe complications. CRE is a group of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics, posing a serious threat in healthcare settings. VRE is a significant concern as it can cause infections in the bloodstream, urinary tract, and wounds. The incorrect options can be explained as follows: - Option A (MRSA) is a correct antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is not the only correct answer. - Option B (CRE) is also a correct antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is not the only correct answer. - Option C (VRE) is another correct antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is not the only correct answer. Understanding antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial in pharmacology as it impacts treatment decisions, infection control practices, and public health efforts. Knowing the most concerning bacteria helps healthcare providers tailor treatment strategies and preventive measures to combat these infections effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In individuals with AIDS, opportunistic diseases develop because the immune system is severely compromised due to the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Option D is correct because opportunistic infections and tumors occur in a person with an incompetent immune system, making them more susceptible to pathogens that would normally be controlled by a healthy immune response. Option A is incorrect because opportunistic diseases in individuals with AIDS are not side effects of drug treatment but rather a consequence of the weakened immune system. Option B is incorrect because while HIV can be transmitted sexually, opportunistic diseases are not directly transmitted in this manner. Option C is incorrect because although B and T lymphocytes are involved in the immune response, the presence of stimulated lymphocytes does not necessarily lead to opportunistic diseases in individuals with AIDS. Understanding why opportunistic diseases develop in individuals with AIDS is crucial in pharmacology as it highlights the importance of antiretroviral therapy to help maintain immune function and prevent such infections. Educating healthcare professionals about the specific vulnerabilities of individuals with AIDS can guide appropriate treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the highest priority for a patient with advanced AIDS experiencing impaired memory due to neurological changes is to maintain a safe patient environment, which is option A. This choice takes precedence because ensuring the safety of the patient is fundamental and critical in all care settings. Option B, providing a quiet and non-stressful environment, is important for the patient's comfort but does not address the immediate safety concerns that could arise from memory impairment. Option C, using memory cues like calendars and clocks, and option D, providing written instructions, are helpful interventions to promote orientation and understanding, but they are secondary to ensuring the patient's safety. Educationally, understanding prioritization in nursing care is crucial. In this case, the rationale behind choosing the answer that addresses the most critical and immediate need highlights the significance of triaging patient care based on the urgency and potential impact on the patient's well-being. Prioritizing safety in care planning is a foundational principle in nursing practice.