The mumps virus belongs to family:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Paramyxoviridae. Mumps virus is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, based on its characteristics such as structure, genome organization, and replication cycle. Paramyxoviruses are enveloped, non-segmented RNA viruses with a helical nucleocapsid. They replicate in the cytoplasm and bud from the host cell membrane. Coronaviridae (A) are a different family of viruses with distinct characteristics. Picornaviridae (B) and Orthomyxoviridae (C) are also different families with unique features that do not match those of the mumps virus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Meat-peptone agar, as it provides a simple nutritive media for bacterial growth. This agar contains meat extract and peptone, which are good sources of nutrients for bacterial growth. Glucose broth (A) is a liquid medium with glucose but lacks other essential nutrients. Ascites (serum) agar (B) is a selective medium used for detecting pathogens in clinical samples. Blood agar (D) is a differential medium used to distinguish different types of bacteria based on hemolytic reactions. Meat-peptone agar is the simplest and most general-purpose medium among the options provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the capsule of bacteria is mainly composed of polysaccharides or polypeptides. This outer layer helps bacteria evade the host's immune system and protects them from desiccation. Peptidoglycan (choice A) is a component of the bacterial cell wall, not the capsule. Flagellin (choice C) is a protein component of the bacterial flagella, not the capsule. Choice D is incorrect as the capsule is indeed composed of polysaccharides or polypeptides.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neisser. Bacterial capsules can be stained using the Neisser staining method because it specifically targets the capsule, making it visible under a microscope. Neisser staining involves using a combination of acidic and basic dyes to highlight the capsule structure. This method helps differentiate the capsule from the bacterial cell, aiding in the identification and study of capsules. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Cleat and Müller staining methods are not commonly used for staining bacterial capsules, and "None of the above" is incorrect as Neisser staining is a valid method for capsule staining.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.