The mother of an 8-year-old girl has brought her child to the clinic because she is wetting the bed at night. What terminology should the nurse use when documenting this situation?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct terminology for bedwetting in an 8-year-old is enuresis. Enuresis specifically refers to the involuntary discharge of urine during sleep at an age where bladder control is expected. This term is appropriate for the child's situation as it accurately describes the bedwetting issue. Ascites (A) refers to abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, not related to bedwetting. Dysuria (B) is painful urination, which is not the issue described. Urgency (D) refers to a sudden compelling need to urinate, which is also not relevant to this scenario. Using the correct term, enuresis, will ensure accurate documentation and communication regarding the child's bedwetting issue.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium oxalate. This type of urinary tract calculi is the most common because calcium oxalate crystals are frequently formed due to various factors such as high dietary intake of oxalate-rich foods. These crystals can easily aggregate and form calculi that often obstruct the ureter due to their size and shape. Cystine calculi (A) are rare and usually seen in patients with genetic disorders. Uric acid calculi (B) are common in patients with gout or acidic urine but are not the most frequent type. Calcium phosphate calculi (D) can form in conditions of alkaline urine but are less common than calcium oxalate calculi.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in the Injury stage of AKI, the priority is to maintain fluid balance and prevent further kidney damage. IV fluid administration helps improve renal perfusion, while furosemide helps manage fluid overload. A: Assessing daily weight is important but not the first priority in the Injury stage. C: IV insulin and sodium bicarbonate are not typically indicated in the initial treatment of AKI. D: Urinalysis is important for diagnostics but not the first intervention in the Injury stage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Less protein loss. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) occurs continuously, allowing for a slower and gentler removal of waste products, leading to less protein loss compared to the intermittent nature of hemodialysis (HD). This is because PD uses the peritoneal membrane as a filter, which is more gentle on proteins. Rapid fluid removal (B) is actually an advantage of HD, as it can quickly remove excess fluids. Less cardiovascular stress (C) is not a specific advantage of PD over HD, as both types of dialysis can impact cardiovascular health. Decreased hyperlipidemia (D) is not a direct advantage of PD over HD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. Acute pyelonephritis requires antibiotic therapy to eliminate the infection and prevent renal damage. 2. Continuing drug therapy indefinitely ensures complete eradication of the infection. 3. Stopping drug therapy prematurely can lead to recurrence and potential renal complications. 4. Understanding the necessity of drug therapy is crucial for Mrs. Miller's long-term renal health. Summary: A: Incorrect. Restricting fluid intake can worsen the infection and hinder recovery. B: Incorrect. Protein intake is not directly related to the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. D: Incorrect. Preventing viral infections is not directly relevant to the treatment of acute pyelonephritis.