The mother of an 18-year-old girl asks the nurse which screening her daughter should receive now based on evidence-based recommendations. Which suggestion by the nurse is best?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because evidence-based recommendations do not support routine screening for cervical cancer (Papanicolaou test) or breast cancer (mammogram) in asymptomatic individuals under 21. HPV test is not recommended as a standalone screening for young women. No screenings at this time aligns with current guidelines to avoid unnecessary testing and potential harm in low-risk populations. It's important to focus on preventive measures such as vaccinations and healthy lifestyle choices rather than invasive screenings for this age group.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Sister chromatids may no longer be identical to each other. Rationale: 1. In metaphase II, sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate. 2. During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. 3. Due to potential crossing over in meiosis I, sister chromatids may not be identical in meiosis II. 4. This variability contributes to genetic diversity in the resulting gametes. Summary: B: Homologous chromosomes do not line up in metaphase II; they already separated in meiosis I. C: Crossing over occurs in meiosis I, not in meiosis II. D: Homologous chromosomes start to separate in anaphase I, not metaphase II.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because milk production is indeed controlled by prolactin, a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin stimulates the alveoli in the breast to produce milk. Option B is incorrect because estrogen and prolactin actually work synergistically to promote lactation. Option C is incorrect as the nipple is lubricated by Montgomery glands, not sebaceous glands. Option D is incorrect because myoepithelial cell contraction helps in milk ejection, not in milk production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, slight chills and fever. This finding may indicate an infection, which can be a serious complication post-endometrial biopsy. Fever and chills can be signs of systemic infection, requiring immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Mild cramping (A) is a common post-procedure symptom. Spotting of blood (C) is also normal after an endometrial biopsy. Fatigue (D) after anesthesia is expected and not an immediate concern unless severe or persistent.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: spermatogonia. At the age of five, boys have not reached puberty yet, so they do not produce sperm cells. Spermatogonia are the precursor cells that give rise to sperm cells later in puberty. Spermatocytes are the cells that undergo meiosis to form sperm cells, spermatozoa are mature sperm cells, and spermatids are the immediate precursors to sperm cells. Therefore, the only cells present in a male age five would be spermatogonia, as they are the early-stage cells in the process of spermatogenesis.