The mother of a teenager diagnosed with an eating disorder asks, 'How long will my daughter have this problem?' The nurse answers with the knowledge that:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because long-term therapy combined with medication results in the best outcomes for individuals with eating disorders. Therapy helps address underlying psychological issues, while medication can help manage symptoms. Recovery is a complex process that often requires ongoing support. Choice A is incorrect as recovery is not always guaranteed after one severe episode. Choice B is incorrect as many individuals do show improvement over time. Choice C is incorrect as weight restoration alone may not address all aspects of the disorder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the statement reflects emotional reasoning, a common cognitive distortion in eating disorders. The patient believes that bingeing is an effective way to cope with feelings of isolation and loneliness, which is not a healthy or rational belief. This cognitive distortion can perpetuate the cycle of disordered eating behavior. A: This choice shows a healthy realization and decision-making process, indicating a positive step towards recovery. C: While controlling food intake may be a coping mechanism, it doesn't necessarily indicate a cognitive distortion. D: This choice demonstrates awareness of triggers, which is important for managing the disorder, but it doesn't necessarily indicate a cognitive distortion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of adolescent healthcare, confidentiality plays a crucial role in facilitating open discussions about psychosocial issues. Adolescents often hesitate to discuss sensitive topics due to fear of judgment or breach of confidentiality. Option A, the non-judgmental approach of the physician, is NOT cited as a barrier by adolescents when confidentiality is assured. This is because a non-judgmental approach creates a safe space for adolescents to express themselves without fear of criticism. On the other hand, options B, C, and D are commonly cited barriers. Personal embarrassment towards discussing sensitive topics (Option B) is a significant barrier as adolescents may feel uncomfortable or ashamed discussing certain issues. Feeling rushed by the physician (Option C) can also hinder effective communication as adolescents may perceive a lack of time for thorough discussions. Additionally, if the physician does not initiate discussions about sensitive topics (Option D), adolescents may not feel comfortable bringing up these issues themselves. Educationally, it is vital for healthcare providers to understand these barriers to communication with adolescents to provide effective care. By ensuring confidentiality, maintaining a non-judgmental approach, allowing sufficient time for discussions, and proactively addressing sensitive topics, healthcare providers can better support adolescents in addressing psychosocial issues and promoting their overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In addressing the question of where a family doctor outside the polyclinic should refer an adolescent patient for psychotherapy/counselling, it is crucial to consider the appropriateness and accessibility of the options provided. The correct answer is B) Nearby polyclinic. This option is not suitable for referring an adolescent patient for psychotherapy/counselling because the question specifies "outside the polyclinic," indicating that the referral should be made to a location other than the polyclinic itself. Referring the patient back to the polyclinic would not align with the intention of seeking external specialized support. A) Local Social Service Office may be a suitable place for referral as they often have resources and connections to mental health services for adolescents in need. C) Patient's school could be another appropriate referral option, as schools often have counselors or psychologists who can provide support to students facing mental health challenges. D) A reputable restructured hospital may also be a suitable place for referral, as they typically have specialized mental health professionals and resources to support adolescent patients in need of psychotherapy/counselling. From an educational standpoint, it is essential for healthcare providers to be aware of appropriate referral pathways for patients requiring specialized care, especially when it comes to mental health support for adolescents. Understanding the different resources available in the community and knowing how to make appropriate referrals can significantly impact the well-being and recovery of young patients facing mental health issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of age-specific considerations in patient care, it is crucial for clinical officers to have a comprehensive understanding of alcohol and drug abuse patterns. Option D, "Most poly drug abusers also abuse alcohol," is the correct answer because poly drug abuse often involves the concurrent use of multiple substances, including alcohol. This information is important for clinical officers to recognize in order to provide appropriate and effective care for patients struggling with substance abuse issues. Option A, "Most alcoholics become poly drug abusers," is incorrect because not all individuals who abuse alcohol will also engage in poly drug abuse. While some alcoholics may also abuse other substances, it is not a universal pattern. Option B, "Addictive individuals tend to use hostile, abusive behavior," is incorrect as it presents a generalization that does not apply to all individuals struggling with addiction. Substance abuse can manifest in various ways and is not limited to hostile or abusive behavior. Option C, "An unhappy childhood is a causative factor in many addictions," is also incorrect as the development of addiction is a complex process influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. While childhood experiences can contribute to the risk of developing addiction, they are not the sole causative factor. Educationally, understanding the nuances of substance abuse patterns and risk factors is essential for clinical officers to provide holistic and individualized care to patients of all ages. By recognizing common patterns such as poly drug abuse and alcohol abuse, healthcare providers can tailor interventions and support strategies to meet the specific needs of each patient.