Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Children with type 1 diabetes require insulin replacement because their pancreas produces little or no insulin. Oral hypoglycemics used in type 2 diabetes work by improving the effectiveness of insulin the body already makes, which is not sufficient in type 1 diabetes. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about the pancreas being adult or child-specific but rather the type of diabetes. Choice C is incorrect because it misstates the mechanism of action of the medications. Choice D is incorrect because it provides inaccurate information about the potential for the child's pancreas to produce insulin in the future, which is unlikely in type 1 diabetes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, self-actualization. Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, representing the realization of one's full potential. While love is an essential need, self-actualization builds upon the fulfillment of basic needs like safety and love. Esteem needs relate to feelings of accomplishment and recognition, which come before self-actualization. Physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter are the most basic needs at the bottom of the hierarchy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Petechiae, fever, fatigue. Children with leukemia commonly present with petechiae (due to low platelet count), fever (due to infection), and fatigue (due to anemia), which are classic manifestations of the disease. Option B is incorrect because headache, papilledema, and irritability are more indicative of increased intracranial pressure, not leukemia. Option C is incorrect as muscle wasting and weight loss are not typical initial manifestations of leukemia in children. Option D is incorrect as decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, and confusion are not commonly associated with leukemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The weight loss is most likely due to the reduction of edema, as glomerulonephritis often causes fluid retention that resolves with treatment, leading to significant weight loss.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe dehydration is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, as it leads to prerenal azotemia, which can progress to renal failure if not corrected. Other causes like pyelonephritis and tubular destruction are less common and usually secondary to other conditions.