The MOST severe form of food protein-induced enteropathy is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) celiac disease. Celiac disease is the most severe form of food protein-induced enteropathy because it is an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten is ingested. This damage can lead to malabsorption of nutrients and serious health complications if left untreated. Option B) eosinophilic esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the esophagus and is not typically associated with damage to the small intestine like celiac disease. Option C) oral allergy syndrome is a milder allergic reaction that typically affects the mouth and throat, not the small intestine like celiac disease. Option D) acute gastrointestinal allergy is a general term that does not specifically refer to the severe and chronic damage caused by celiac disease. In an educational context, understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage children with food allergies and enteropathies. Recognizing the most severe forms of these conditions, like celiac disease, ensures timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention to prevent long-term health consequences in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Chediak-Higashi syndrome. This syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent infections, partial albinism, and peripheral neuropathy. It is associated with a defect in lysosomal trafficking regulator protein leading to impaired phagolysosome formation and recurrent infections. Option A, atopic dermatitis, is associated with elevated IgE levels due to its allergic nature. Option B, tissue-invasive helminthic infections, trigger an immune response involving elevated IgE to combat the parasitic infection. Option D, Hodgkin disease, can also lead to elevated IgE levels as part of the immune response against the cancerous cells. Understanding disorders associated with elevated IgE levels is crucial in pediatric nursing as it helps in recognizing and managing conditions that involve allergic responses or immune dysregulation. Recognizing the exception, such as Chediak-Higashi syndrome in this case, is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment interventions in a clinical setting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) budesonide nebulizer suspension. This is the only inhaler corticosteroid with FDA-approved labeling for children <4 years of age due to its safety and efficacy profile in this age group. Budesonide is commonly used in pediatric patients for its anti-inflammatory properties and minimal systemic absorption when delivered via a nebulizer, making it a preferred choice for young children who may have difficulty using other inhaler devices. Option A) beclomethasone HFA, option C) mometasone DPI, and option D) triamcinolone acetonide are not FDA-approved for use in children <4 years old. Beclomethasone is typically used in older children and adults, mometasone is indicated for children over 4 years old, and triamcinolone acetonide is not recommended for use in children under 6 years of age. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to be aware of age-specific medication guidelines to ensure safe and effective care for young patients. Understanding the FDA-approved medications for different age groups helps nurses make informed decisions when administering treatments and advocating for the best interests of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between allergic rhinitis and reactive airways disease/asthma is crucial for providing effective care to children. The correct answer, option C) 50%, is supported by research and clinical evidence. Children with allergic rhinitis are at a higher risk of developing reactive airways disease/asthma due to the shared inflammatory processes in the airways. Approximately half of children with allergic rhinitis will go on to develop asthma, highlighting the strong association between the two conditions. Option A) 30% is incorrect because the prevalence of reactive airways disease/asthma in children with allergic rhinitis is higher than this percentage based on current data. Option B) 40% is also incorrect as it underestimates the likelihood of developing reactive airways disease/asthma in children with allergic rhinitis. Option D) 60% is too high and does not align with the most recent research findings on this topic. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to grasp the link between allergic rhinitis and reactive airways disease/asthma to provide comprehensive care to pediatric patients. By understanding this connection, nurses can implement preventive measures, early interventions, and appropriate management strategies to improve outcomes for children with these conditions. This knowledge equips nurses to assess, educate, and support both patients and their families effectively in managing allergic rhinitis and reactive airways disease/asthma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the management of anaphylaxis, the mainstay of therapy is the early administration of intramuscular epinephrine. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the severe manifestations of anaphylaxis, such as bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability, by stimulating alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. This helps to improve blood pressure, relieve airway constriction, and reduce hives and swelling. Corticosteroids (Option A) are not considered first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. While they may be used to prevent a biphasic reaction or for their anti-inflammatory effects, they act too slowly to be the mainstay of therapy in an acute anaphylactic episode. Antihistamines (Option B) and H2-receptor antagonists (Option C) can help relieve itching and hives associated with mild allergic reactions, but they are not sufficient to manage the potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. They do not address the cardiovascular and respiratory effects that can rapidly progress in anaphylaxis. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric patients, to understand the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. Knowing that intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line therapy can help save lives in emergency situations. Training on how to administer epinephrine via auto-injectors should be a priority in pediatric nursing education to ensure timely and effective management of anaphylactic reactions in children.