The MOST severe form of food protein-induced enteropathy is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) celiac disease. Celiac disease is the most severe form of food protein-induced enteropathy because it is an autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine, causing malabsorption of nutrients and various systemic complications if left untreated. Option B) eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic immune-mediated esophageal disease, not primarily affecting the small intestine like celiac disease. Option C) oral allergy syndrome involves allergic reactions to certain raw fruits, vegetables, and nuts, typically manifesting as itching and swelling of the mouth, lips, and throat, but it is not a form of enteropathy. Option D) acute gastrointestinal allergy is a generic term that does not specifically describe a severe form of food protein-induced enteropathy like celiac disease. In an educational context, understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients who may present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Recognizing the most severe forms of enteropathy, such as celiac disease, helps in timely diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent long-term complications in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Elevated IgE levels are commonly associated with allergic conditions and parasitic infections. In this case, the correct answer is C) Chediak-Higashi syndrome. This is because Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent infections, partial albinism, and peripheral neuropathy; it is not directly linked to elevated IgE levels. Option A) Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is linked to elevated IgE levels due to its allergic nature. Option B) Tissue-invasive helminthic infections also lead to elevated IgE levels as a response to parasitic infestations. Option D) Hodgkin disease is associated with elevated IgE levels as part of the immune response to the disease. Educationally, understanding the link between IgE levels and various disorders is crucial for pediatric nursing practice. Recognizing these associations helps nurses in providing comprehensive care to pediatric patients with these conditions. It also highlights the importance of assessing IgE levels in diagnosing and managing allergic and infectious diseases in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) budesonide nebulizer suspension. This is the only inhaler corticosteroid with FDA-approved labeling for children under 4 years of age. Budesonide is considered safe and effective for use in young children due to its lower systemic absorption when delivered via nebulizer compared to other inhaler corticosteroids. Option A) beclomethasone HFA is not FDA-approved for children under 4 years of age, making it an incorrect choice. Option C) mometasone DPI and Option D) triamcinolone acetonide are also not approved for use in children under 4 years old. In a pediatric nursing context, it is crucial to be aware of age-specific medication guidelines to ensure safe and effective care for young patients. Understanding which medications are approved for certain age groups, like budesonide for children under 4, is essential knowledge for pediatric nurses to provide optimal care and avoid potential medication errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between allergic rhinitis and reactive airways disease/asthma is crucial. The correct answer is C) 50%. Children with allergic rhinitis have a higher likelihood of developing reactive airways disease/asthma, with studies indicating that around 50% of children with allergic rhinitis also have symptoms of asthma. This association is due to the shared inflammatory processes in the airways triggered by allergens, leading to symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Option A) 30% is incorrect because the prevalence of reactive airways disease/asthma in children with allergic rhinitis is higher than 30%. Option B) 40% is also incorrect as the actual percentage is higher. Option D) 60% is incorrect as it overestimates the association between allergic rhinitis and reactive airways disease/asthma in children. Educationally, understanding this relationship is important for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care to children with allergic rhinitis and to monitor for signs and symptoms of reactive airways disease/asthma. Recognizing these connections can lead to early intervention, appropriate treatment, and improved outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the management of anaphylaxis, the mainstay of therapy is the early administration of intramuscular epinephrine (option D). Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the severe manifestations of anaphylaxis by constricting blood vessels, relaxing bronchial muscles, and increasing the heart's contraction force. Corticosteroids (option A) may be used as an adjunct therapy to prevent a potential late-phase allergic reaction but are not the primary treatment for acute anaphylaxis. Antihistamines (option B) and H2-receptor antagonists (option C) can help alleviate itching and hives in mild allergic reactions but are not as rapidly effective as epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to understand the urgency of recognizing and treating anaphylaxis promptly. Proper training on the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and the correct administration of epinephrine can save lives in pediatric emergencies. Nurses should be equipped with the knowledge and skills to initiate immediate treatment with epinephrine while awaiting further medical assistance.