ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The most serious adverse effect of Alprostadil (Prostin VR pediatric injection) administration in neonates is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Apnea is the most serious adverse effect of alprostadil in neonates, requiring close monitoring and respiratory support. Alprostadil is used to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in congenital heart defects, but its use carries significant risks. Bleeding, hypotension, and fever are also possible but are less critical than apnea.
Question 2 of 5
For the patient who is taking nalbuphine, what should the nurse do? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nalbuphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist used for pain management. Like other opioids, it can cause respiratory depression, so monitoring respirations is critical. Bradycardia is another potential side effect that patients should report. Administering nalbuphine undiluted is not standard practice, as it can increase the risk of adverse reactions. Excessive urine output is not associated with nalbuphine use. Therefore, the nurse should focus on monitoring respirations and educating the patient to report bradycardia.
Question 3 of 5
The following drugs are reversible competitive antagonists:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Naloxone is a reversible competitive antagonist at opioid receptors, reversing opioid effects by competing for binding without activating the receptor.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse plans medication education for a client who receives a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra). What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction, has a recommended dosing limit of one pill per 24 hours to prevent overdose risks like prolonged erections or cardiovascular strain, making this a critical safety instruction. Grapefruit juice actually increases sildenafil levels by inhibiting metabolism, not decreasing effects, which could heighten side effects. Timing is optimal at 1 hour before sex, with effectiveness possible up to 4 hours, not 6, ensuring accurate expectations. Taking it on an empty stomach enhances absorption, as food-especially high-fat meals-delays onset, contrary to the food suggestion. The 24-hour limit is foundational for safe use, balancing efficacy with minimizing adverse effects like headache or hypotension, and aligns with standard prescribing guidelines, making it the priority in client education.
Question 5 of 5
Upon preparing to administer activated charcoal by mouth to treat a patient who took an overdose of aspirin and several unknown drugs, the nurse notes that the patient has become very somnolent and eyes open only to a noxious stimulus. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate at this point?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's decreased level of consciousness (somnolence and only responding to noxious stimuli) indicates a potential deterioration in their condition, possibly due to the overdose. Activated charcoal is contraindicated in patients with an altered mental status due to the risk of aspiration. The nurse should immediately consult the nurse practitioner to reassess the patient's condition and determine the appropriate intervention, such as securing the airway or considering alternative treatments.