ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The most serious adverse effect of Alprostadil (Prostin VR pediatric injection) administration in neonates is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Apnea is the most serious adverse effect of alprostadil in neonates, requiring close monitoring and respiratory support. Alprostadil is used to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in congenital heart defects, but its use carries significant risks. Bleeding, hypotension, and fever are also possible but are less critical than apnea.
Question 2 of 5
Heparin:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant that enhances the activity of antithrombin III, a natural inhibitor of thrombin and factor Xa, to prevent clotting. The statement that it inhibits clotting by decreasing antithrombin III effects is false, as heparin actually potentiates antithrombin III, making this the incorrect option. Its oral bioavailability is negligible (not 20-30%), as it's a large polysaccharide requiring parenteral administration (e.g., IV or subcutaneous), so this is false. Heparin is highly plasma protein-bound, not low, contradicting that option. The correct statement, replaced in the fourth slot, is that heparin binds to antithrombin III, causing a conformational change that accelerates its anticoagulant effect. This mechanism is fundamental to its clinical use in thrombosis prevention, distinguishing it from oral anticoagulants like warfarin.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse plans medication education for a client who receives a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra). What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction, has a recommended dosing limit of one pill per 24 hours to prevent overdose risks like prolonged erections or cardiovascular strain, making this a critical safety instruction. Grapefruit juice actually increases sildenafil levels by inhibiting metabolism, not decreasing effects, which could heighten side effects. Timing is optimal at 1 hour before sex, with effectiveness possible up to 4 hours, not 6, ensuring accurate expectations. Taking it on an empty stomach enhances absorption, as food-especially high-fat meals-delays onset, contrary to the food suggestion. The 24-hour limit is foundational for safe use, balancing efficacy with minimizing adverse effects like headache or hypotension, and aligns with standard prescribing guidelines, making it the priority in client education.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is conducting medication education for patients with hypertension. The focus of the education is on enhancing the absorption of their medications. The nurse determines that learning has occurred when the patients make which statement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Food can affect drug absorption (e.g., calcium in dairy binding antihypertensives), so caution with meals enhances efficacy, showing learning. Expired drugs lose potency, risking failure. Storage matters-heat/light degrade drugs. Dairy avoidance is specific, not broad enough. General food caution reflects pharmacokinetic awareness, key for hypertension management.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a caregivers' support group for caretakers of older adult patients. The focus is medication compliance. The nurse determines that learning has occurred when the caregivers make which response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A med management box organizes doses, reducing forgotten pills in older adults with memory issues, boosting compliance. Crushing meds risks altering pharmacokinetics (e.g., enteric-coated drugs). Doctor review is proactive but not direct compliance. More education assumes understanding drives adherence, often untrue. The box addresses forgetfulness, a practical fix.