The most rapid eliminated drugs are those with high glomerular filtration rate and actively secreted but aren’t passively reabsorbed:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Drugs with high glomerular filtration rate are quickly filtered into the renal tubules, and those actively secreted enhance elimination. Furthermore, not being passively reabsorbed prevents reabsorption into the bloodstream, leading to rapid elimination. Choice B is incorrect because it contradicts the concept of rapid drug elimination based on renal processes. Choice C is incorrect as it does not provide any information. Choice D is incorrect because not all drugs have high glomerular filtration rate, active secretion, and lack of passive reabsorption, which are key factors for rapid elimination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pilocarpine. Pilocarpine is a M-cholinomimetic agent because it selectively activates muscarinic receptors. It is commonly used to treat conditions like glaucoma by causing pupillary constriction and lowering intraocular pressure. Carbachol (A) and Bethanechol (D) are non-selective cholinomimetics, affecting both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Acetylcholine (C) is not a practical drug due to its rapid degradation by acetylcholinesterase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because atropine poisoning typically causes tachycardia due to its anticholinergic effects. Mydriasis, cycloplegia (A), hyperthermia, dry mouth, hot and flushed skin (B), and agitation, delirium (C) are common symptoms of atropine poisoning. Bradycardia and orthostatic hypotension (D) are not typically associated with atropine poisoning due to its anticholinergic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stimulation of insulin secretion. Alpha-receptor stimulation leads to vasoconstriction, contraction of smooth muscles in the bladder base, uterus, and prostate, as well as platelet aggregation. Insulin secretion is primarily regulated by beta cells in the pancreas, which are influenced by glucose levels, not alpha-receptor stimulation. Therefore, the effects listed in options A, B, and D are all consistent with alpha-receptor stimulation, while option C is not.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bronchospasm. Alpha-receptor antagonists typically do not cause bronchospasm as they primarily act on alpha-adrenergic receptors involved in vasoconstriction. A is correct as alpha-blockers reduce peripheral resistance and blood pressure. B is correct as they can reverse the pressor response of epinephrine. D is correct as they can lead to postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia due to vasodilation. In summary, bronchospasm is not a characteristic of alpha-receptor antagonists, making choice C the correct answer.