ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The most important reason for tight regulation of ECF osmolarity is to ensure that blood pressure is maintained at an appropriate level.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Regulation of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity is primarily to maintain cell function and prevent osmotic imbalances, not specifically for blood pressure regulation. Osmotic balance is crucial for cellular processes like nutrient exchange and waste removal. Tight regulation prevents cell shrinkage or swelling. Blood pressure is more directly controlled by mechanisms like vascular resistance and cardiac output. Other choices are irrelevant as they are not applicable to the question.
Question 2 of 5
The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and osmolarity are indeed primarily regulated by the kidneys. The kidneys control water and electrolyte balance in the body, adjusting urine concentration to maintain ECF volume and osmolarity within a narrow range. They regulate the reabsorption and excretion of water and electrolytes in response to hormonal signals and the body's needs. The other choices are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or explanation.
Question 3 of 5
Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone and helps regulate water balance by acting on the kidneys. Step 2: When the body detects a deficit of water, vasopressin is secreted to prevent water loss. Step 3: Therefore, the statement that vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body is true. Summary: Option A is correct because vasopressin is indeed secreted in response to water deficit. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide the accurate explanation for the secretion of vasopressin in response to water deficit.
Question 4 of 5
H CO is a weaker acid than HCl because it dissociates faster. 2 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. The strength of an acid is determined by its tendency to donate protons, not by the speed of dissociation. HCl is a stronger acid than HCO3- because it completely dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions in water, while HCO3- only partially dissociates into H+ and HCO3- ions. Therefore, the statement that HCO3- is a weaker acid than HCl because it dissociates faster is incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because it does not consider the fundamental concept of acid strength. Choices C and D are not relevant to the question.
Question 5 of 5
Activity of the body's enzymes is affected only by acidosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Enzymes can be affected by various factors, not just acidosis. Enzyme activity can be influenced by pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. Acidosis, which is a condition of increased acidity in the blood and body tissues, can certainly affect enzyme activity, but it is not the only factor. Therefore, stating that enzyme activity is affected only by acidosis is incorrect. Choices A, C, and D are not the correct answer because they do not accurately reflect the relationship between enzyme activity and acidosis.