The most essential nutrient for life is ______

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Water. Water is essential for various bodily functions such as maintaining temperature, transporting nutrients, eliminating waste, and lubricating joints. Without water, humans can survive only a few days. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are important nutrients, but water is the most essential for life due to its critical roles in maintaining overall health and survival.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Women have a shorter urethra. This anatomical difference in women makes them more prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) as bacteria have easier access to the bladder. The shorter urethra allows bacteria to travel up to the bladder more quickly. Choice A is incorrect as gonads are not related to UTIs. Choice B is incorrect as kidney function is not a direct cause of UTIs. Choice D is incorrect as urinary incontinence is a separate condition and not a direct reason for increased UTI risk in women.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because as we age, the skin undergoes natural changes such as thinning and becoming more fragile. This is due to a decrease in collagen production and a reduction in the skin's ability to retain moisture. Thinning skin makes the elderly more susceptible to injuries and skin tears. A: Amount of fat and collagen increases - This is incorrect as aging leads to a decrease in collagen production and loss of fat in the skin. B: Pressure injuries occur - While pressure injuries can be common in older adults, it is not a normal age-related change of the integumentary system. C: Hair thickens - Hair thinning or loss is more common with age, not thickening. In summary, the normal age-related change of the integumentary system is skin becoming thinner and more fragile due to decreased collagen and moisture retention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: In the morning. Elastic stockings should be applied in the morning when the leg swelling is at its minimum. This ensures optimal compression effectiveness throughout the day when the individual is most active. Applying them in the evening (choice A) may lead to discomfort due to increased swelling during the day. Mid-afternoon (choice C) is not ideal as it may miss the opportunity to provide consistent compression. Applying them after exercising (choice D) may not be effective as the swelling may already be present.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Open fracture. An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, occurs when the skin is broken, and the bone may protrude through the skin. This is a serious injury with a high risk of infection. Closed fractures (A) do not involve an open wound. Greenstick fractures (C) occur in children when the bone partially breaks but does not completely separate. Compression fractures (D) typically involve the collapse of a bone due to compression forces and do not involve an open wound. Thus, the presence of an open wound and the potential exposure of bone make an open fracture the correct choice.