The most effective drug for stopping generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus in adults is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diazepam. Diazepam is the most effective drug for stopping generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus in adults due to its rapid onset of action and ability to terminate seizures quickly. It works by enhancing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, suppressing seizure activity. Lamotrigine (A) is not recommended for acute seizure control. Ethosuximide (B) is used for absence seizures, not generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Zonisamide (D) has a slower onset of action and is not the first-line treatment for status epilepticus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Morphine is the correct choice because it is a potent opioid that acts as a vasodilator and reduces preload and afterload, making it beneficial in acute pulmonary edema by improving oxygenation and reducing anxiety. Codeine is a weaker opioid and not as effective in managing acute pulmonary edema. Fentanyl is a potent opioid but lacks the vasodilator effects of morphine. Loperamide is an opioid used for diarrhea and has no role in treating acute pulmonary edema.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Antipsychotic drugs primarily act by blocking dopamine receptors, especially D2 receptors. Step 2: Blocking D2 receptors reduces dopamine activity, helping control psychotic symptoms. Step 3: Option A is correct as antipsychotics strongly block postsynaptic D2 receptors. Summary: - B is incorrect as stimulating D2 receptors would worsen psychotic symptoms. - C is incorrect as antipsychotics do not typically block NMDA receptors. - D is incorrect as antipsychotics primarily target dopamine receptors, not 5-HT2 receptors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Irreversible MAO inhibitors can lead to hypertensive reactions due to tyramine buildup from food. MAO breaks down tyramine, so inhibition leads to excess tyramine causing dangerous spikes in blood pressure. Respiratory depression (A) and agranulocytosis (D) are not typically associated with MAO inhibitors. While cardiovascular collapse and CNS depression (B) can occur, the high risk is specifically for hypertensive crises due to tyramine interactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piracetam. Piracetam is a nootropic, which means it enhances cognitive function, memory, and learning. It is not a CNS stimulant like choices A, B, and C. Camphor is a topical analgesic, Pantocrin is an adrenal extract, and Sydnocarb is a stimulant used in treating narcolepsy. Piracetam stands out as a nootropic due to its specific cognitive-enhancing effects, making it the correct choice in this context.