ATI RN
microbiology an introduction 13th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The most common urinary tract pathogen is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Escherichia coli. E.coli is the most common urinary tract pathogen due to its ability to adhere to and infect the urinary tract epithelium. It accounts for approximately 80-85% of urinary tract infections. It possesses specific virulence factors that enable it to colonize and cause infection in the urinary tract. Proteus mirabilis (A) is known for causing complicated UTIs, but it is less common than E.coli. Staphylococcus aureus (B) is not a common urinary pathogen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D) is more commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections, rather than community-acquired urinary tract infections.
Question 2 of 5
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is most common in:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: infants. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is most common in infants because their immune systems are not fully developed, making them more susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infections. This bacteria produces exotoxins that cause the skin to blister and peel, characteristic of the syndrome. Adolescents, young adults, and the elderly have more mature immune systems, making them less vulnerable to this specific infection. Therefore, infants are at a higher risk for developing Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome compared to other age groups.
Question 3 of 5
Poxviruses are largest viruses, almost visible on light microscope
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Poxviruses are indeed the largest viruses known, ranging from 200-450 nm in size, which is close to the resolution limit of a light microscope. This makes them almost visible under a light microscope. Explanation: 1. Poxviruses have complex structures and are among the largest viruses. 2. Light microscopes have a resolution limit of around 200 nm. 3. Poxviruses fall within the size range that is close to the resolution limit of a light microscope. 4. Therefore, poxviruses are almost visible under a light microscope. Summary: Choice B is incorrect because poxviruses are indeed large enough to be almost visible under a light microscope. Choice C is incorrect as it implies uncertainty, but poxviruses are consistently close to the resolution limit of a light microscope. Choice D is incorrect as the size of poxviruses being almost visible under a light microscope is a factual statement, not dependent
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following bacteria is associated with foodborne illnesses caused by contaminated water?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium known to cause cholera, a foodborne illness transmitted through contaminated water. Step 2: Cholera outbreaks are often linked to unsanitary water sources, making Vibrio cholerae the correct choice. Step 3: Clostridium difficile causes gastrointestinal infections, not typically associated with contaminated water. Step 4: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, a respiratory disease, not related to foodborne illnesses. Step 5: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a sexually transmitted bacterium, not linked to foodborne illnesses from contaminated water.
Question 5 of 5
There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: BCG vaccine. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis, which is caused by a bacterium related to anthrax. BCG vaccine can provide cross-protection against anthrax due to its similar mechanisms of action. STI live vaccine (choice A) is used for sexually transmitted infections, not anthrax. Salk vaccine (choice C) is used for polio, and Sabin's vaccine (choice D) is also for polio, not anthrax. Therefore, BCG vaccine is the most appropriate choice for preventing the spread of anthrax among animals in the countryside.