The most common type of upper urinary tract infection that results from bacteria ascending to the kidney from the lower respiratory tract is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: pyelonephritis. This is because pyelonephritis is a type of upper urinary tract infection that occurs when bacteria ascends from the lower urinary tract to the kidney, often through the ureters. Urethritis (choice A) is an infection of the urethra, not the kidney. Prostatitis (choice B) is an infection of the prostate gland, not the kidney. Cystitis (choice D) is a lower urinary tract infection involving the bladder, not the kidney. Therefore, pyelonephritis is the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sterile gloves. When obtaining a culture for a fungal infection, sterile gloves are essential to prevent contamination. The nurse needs to maintain aseptic technique to ensure accurate results and prevent potential spread of infection. Patch test instruments (B) are used for allergy testing, not for obtaining cultures. Cotton-tipped applicators (C) are usually used for wound care or specimen collection, but not ideal for obtaining fungal cultures. Syringe and intradermal needle (D) are typically used for administering medications or taking blood samples, not for fungal culture collection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because minimizing sun exposure is crucial in preventing future basal cell carcinoma (BCC) development. Sun exposure is a major risk factor for BCC, so educating the patient on sun protection measures is essential. Choice A is incorrect as watchful waiting is not a typical treatment plan for BCC. Choice B is incorrect because BCC rarely metastasizes. Choice D is incorrect because systemic chemotherapy is not a common treatment for BCC. Overall, educating the patient on sun protection is key in managing and preventing BCC.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Surgical excision. This is the most appropriate procedure for removing a suspicious mole that is irregular, enlarging, and potentially malignant. Surgical excision allows for the complete removal of the mole along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure that all abnormal cells are eliminated. Curettage (A) involves scraping the skin surface and may not be sufficient for complete removal. Cryosurgery (B) freezes and destroys tissue but may not be adequate for excising a potentially malignant lesion. Punch biopsy (C) is used for sampling a small portion of the mole for diagnostic purposes, not for complete removal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the inability to detect when the eyelids are touched may indicate nerve damage, which is a critical post-operative complication following a blepharoplasty. This should be reported immediately to the surgeon for prompt evaluation and intervention to prevent further complications. Choice A is incorrect because incisional pain is expected after surgery and can be managed with pain relief medications. Choice B, a heart rate of 110 beats/min, is elevated but not an immediate concern unless other symptoms are present. Choice D, pale and cold skin around the incision, may indicate poor circulation but is not as urgent as nerve damage in this context.