ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Volume overload. In acute kidney injury, impaired kidney function leads to fluid accumulation, causing volume overload. This is a common reason to initiate dialysis to remove excess fluid. Acidosis (choice A) and hyperkalemia (choice D) are also indications for dialysis, but volume overload is more common in acute kidney injury. Hypokalemia (choice B) is not a typical reason for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury, as it involves low potassium levels rather than fluid overload.
Question 2 of 5
Solution A has a pH of 5 and is 100 times as acidic as Solution B. What is the pH of solution B?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Solution A is 100 times as acidic as Solution B, which means the difference in pH between the two solutions is 2 (since pH is on a logarithmic scale). If Solution A has a pH of 5, Solution B must have a pH that is 2 units higher, resulting in a pH of 7. Therefore, the correct answer is C (pH of 7). Summary: A (pH of 1) and B (pH of 3) are not correct because the difference in acidity between Solution A and B is 2 pH units. D (pH of 10) is not correct as it is not consistent with the given information about the relative acidity of the two solutions.
Question 3 of 5
During a period of extreme excess fluid volume, a renal dialysis patient may be administered which type of IV solution to shrink the swollen cells by pulling water out of the cell?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3% sodium chloride. In extreme excess fluid volume, a hypertonic solution like 3% sodium chloride is used to shrink swollen cells by creating an osmotic gradient that pulls water out of the cells. This solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid, causing water to move out of the cells and into the bloodstream. Explanation for other choices: A: 0.9% sodium chloride is isotonic and would not pull water out of the cells. B: 5% dextrose and water is isotonic and would not cause water movement out of the cells. D: Lactated Ringer solution is isotonic and would not lead to water leaving the swollen cells.
Question 4 of 5
A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit. In Clostridium difficile infection, severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, causing isotonic fluid volume deficit. This condition can result in hypovolemia and other complications. Choice B is incorrect because isotonic fluid volume excess is not typically associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Choice C is incorrect because third-spacing edema due to plasma protein losses is not a common risk in this scenario. Choice D is incorrect because compensatory fluid volume overload secondary to gastrointestinal water and electrolyte losses is not a typical risk in Clostridium difficile infection.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a medical unit has noted that a client's potassium level is elevated at 6.1 mEq/L. The nurse has notified the physician, removed the banana from the client's lunch tray, and is performing a focused assessment. When questioned by the client for the rationale for these actions, which of the following explanations is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A (Your potassium level is high, and so I need you to let me know if you feel numbness, tingling, or weakness): 1. Acknowledges the high potassium level directly. 2. Provides specific symptoms related to hyperkalemia. 3. Encourages client involvement in monitoring and reporting symptoms promptly. Summary of Incorrect Answers: B: Mentions brain function changes, which is not a primary concern with elevated potassium levels. C: Focuses on heart-related symptoms only, missing other important symptoms of hyperkalemia. D: Suggests resolving high potassium levels solely through IV fluid changes, which is not always sufficient.