The MOST common presenting complaint of allergic conjunctivitis is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding common complaints in allergic conjunctivitis is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment. The correct answer is B) itching. Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by itching, which is often the most bothersome symptom for patients. The itching results from the release of histamine in response to allergens, leading to inflammation and irritation of the conjunctiva. Option A) pain is less common in allergic conjunctivitis unless there is concurrent trauma or infection present. Option C) redness is a common symptom but may not be the MOST common presenting complaint. Option D) blurred vision is more commonly associated with other eye conditions such as refractive errors or more severe forms of conjunctivitis. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing key symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis in pediatric patients. By understanding the typical presentation of this condition, nurses can provide appropriate interventions and educate patients and families on managing symptoms effectively. It also emphasizes the significance of differentiating between various eye complaints to ensure accurate assessment and intervention in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and the diagnosis of serum sickness, the correct answer is D) the histopathological findings are not specific. This is because serum sickness is typically diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and history of exposure to triggering antigens (e.g., medications, vaccines). Skin biopsy is not usually necessary as the histopathological findings in serum sickness are not specific, meaning they do not provide definitive confirmation of the diagnosis. Option A is incorrect because while complement C3 and C4 levels may be altered in some immune-mediated conditions, they are not specific for serum sickness. Option B is incorrect because while clinical examination plays a vital role in diagnosis, it may not always provide a definitive confirmation of serum sickness. Option C is incorrect as skin tests are typically not used in the diagnosis of serum sickness. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to understand the diagnostic approach to immune-mediated conditions like serum sickness. By recognizing the limitations of certain diagnostic tests like skin biopsy and understanding the reliance on clinical assessment and history, nurses can effectively contribute to the accurate diagnosis and management of pediatric patients presenting with such conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) elimination and challenge test. In the context of establishing the diagnosis of cell-mediated food reactions in pediatric patients, an elimination and challenge test is the most appropriate method. This type of testing involves removing the suspected food from the diet (elimination) for a period of time and then reintroducing it (challenge) to observe for any adverse reactions. This process helps identify if the symptoms are indeed related to a specific food. A) The breath hydrogen test is used to diagnose lactose intolerance and does not specifically assess cell-mediated food reactions. B) Endoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the inside of the gastrointestinal tract and is not specific to diagnosing cell-mediated food reactions. D) IgE testing is used to identify IgE-mediated food allergies, which are different from cell-mediated reactions. Educationally, understanding the different methods of diagnosing food reactions in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers working in pediatric nursing. By knowing the appropriate tests for different types of reactions, nurses can provide effective care, dietary recommendations, and support to pediatric patients and their families dealing with food-related issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this pediatric nursing review question, the correct answer is D) ceftazidime because it is the only option that does not share an identical side chain with penicillin. Ceftazidime belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, which have a different side chain structure compared to penicillins. Option A) cephalexin, Option B) cefotaxime, and Option C) cefixime are all cephalosporins that share a similar beta-lactam ring structure with penicillin but have different side chains. By understanding the unique side chain structures of these antibiotics, healthcare providers can make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate medication for pediatric patients. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of understanding the chemical structures of antibiotics in pediatric nursing practice. It highlights the need for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about antibiotic classes, their differences, and their potential cross-reactivity or allergies in order to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Understanding these distinctions can help prevent medication errors and adverse drug reactions in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, monitoring asthma and airway inflammation is crucial for effective management. The correct answer is B) exhaled nitric oxide analysis. This test directly measures the level of nitric oxide in the child's breath, which is elevated in asthma due to airway inflammation. By monitoring nitric oxide levels, healthcare providers can assess airway inflammation and adjust treatment accordingly. Option A) spirometry is a valuable tool in diagnosing asthma and assessing lung function, but it does not directly monitor airway inflammation like exhaled nitric oxide analysis. Option C) radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is used to detect allergen-specific IgE antibodies in blood, helpful in identifying triggers for asthma exacerbations but does not monitor airway inflammation directly. Option D) fluorescent enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) is a test used to detect specific IgE antibodies in blood, similar to RAST, but does not directly monitor asthma or airway inflammation. Educationally, understanding the specific monitoring tools for asthma in pediatric patients is essential for nursing practice. By knowing which tests directly assess airway inflammation, nurses can provide more targeted care and interventions for children with asthma, leading to better outcomes and quality of life.