The most common presentation of Ureterocele in either sex is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ureterocele commonly presents with urinary infections obstruction/stasis breeds bacteria (e.g., E. coli) in kids/adults. Mass is rare large ureteroceles only. Urethral mass fits prolapse uncommon. VUR is associated, not presenting secondary. Infection's frequency distinguishes it, critical for ureterocele diagnosis, unlike rare or related findings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: 15 mm Hg is standard pneumoperitoneum pressure for robotic/laparoscopic procedures balances visibility and safety (e.g., renal surgery). 5 mm Hg is too low poor exposure. 10 mm Hg suits pediatrics insufficient for adults. 20 mm Hg risks hypercapnia/ischemia excessive. 15 mm Hg distinguishes it, critical for optimal operative field without undue risk, unlike under- or over-pressurized options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Potassium is reabsorbed in exchange for sodium in the distal tubule (Na+/K+ pump), not chloride (co-transported), calcium, or magnesium (different mechanisms). This distinguishes ion exchange, key for electrolyte balance, contrasting with passive processes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Microvilli maximize surface area in the PCT for reabsorption, not loop or DCT (fewer). This specifies absorptive structure, key for efficiency, contrasting with minimal presence elsewhere.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Minor calyces collect urine from papillae first, before pelvis, ureter, or urethra. This identifies initial collection, key for urine flow, contrasting with downstream structures.