The MOST common medication implicated in serum sickness is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) penicillin. Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in response to certain medications, with penicillin being the most common culprit. Penicillin is known to trigger an immune response resulting in the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to serum sickness symptoms. Option A) gentamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and is not commonly associated with serum sickness. Option B) ceftiaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic and is not a common trigger for serum sickness. Option D) carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication and is not typically implicated in serum sickness reactions. In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding the common medications that can lead to adverse reactions like serum sickness is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about medication side effects, allergic reactions, and hypersensitivity responses to promptly recognize and manage such situations in pediatric patients. This knowledge helps in ensuring the well-being and safety of pediatric patients under their care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hereditary methemoglobinemia, the most common cause is a deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in reducing methemoglobin back to hemoglobin, which is vital for oxygen transport in the blood. Option B, Glutathione peroxidase, is not associated with methemoglobinemia but rather with protection against oxidative stress by reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. Option C, Heme oxygenase, is involved in breaking down heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron, and its deficiency is not linked to methemoglobinemia. Option D, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, is involved in folate metabolism and is not directly related to the pathophysiology of methemoglobinemia. Educationally, understanding the specific enzyme deficiencies related to hereditary methemoglobinemia is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and manage this condition effectively in pediatric patients. This knowledge aids in providing safe and competent care by facilitating early identification of symptoms and appropriate interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Giardia infection. Eosinophilia is an abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, which is commonly associated with allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and some autoimmune diseases. Giardia infection typically does not cause eosinophilia. Option B) Toxocara infection is associated with eosinophilia. Toxocara is a parasitic infection that can lead to eosinophilic reactions in the body. Option C) Drug hypersensitivity reactions can also lead to eosinophilia. Certain medications can trigger an immune response that results in an increase in eosinophils. Option D) Periarteritis nodosa is a systemic vasculitis that can cause eosinophilia as part of the inflammatory response in the body. In an educational context, understanding the causes of eosinophilia is essential for pediatric nurses as they care for children with various health conditions. Recognizing the different etiologies of eosinophilia can guide nurses in identifying potential underlying issues and providing appropriate interventions. This knowledge helps ensure comprehensive and effective care for pediatric patients presenting with eosinophilia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Dennie lines. Dennie lines are not a sign of moderate to severe airway obstruction resulting from an allergic response. Supraclavicular and intercostal retractions (option B) are indicative of increased work of breathing which occurs in airway obstruction. Cyanosis (option C) is a late sign of respiratory distress and indicates inadequate oxygenation. Pulsus paradoxus (option D) is a sign seen in conditions like severe asthma and can indicate worsening airway obstruction. In an educational context, understanding the signs of airway obstruction in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses. Recognizing these signs promptly can help in initiating appropriate interventions to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in identifying respiratory distress in children to provide timely and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In diagnosing atopic dermatitis in older children and adults, it is crucial to understand the major criteria involved. Angioedema, as identified in option C, is not a major criterion for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. This is because angioedema is more commonly associated with urticaria rather than atopic dermatitis. Option A, eczematous or lichenified dermatitis, is a major criterion as atopic dermatitis typically presents with these skin manifestations. Option B, pruritus (itching), is also a key feature of atopic dermatitis and is often a significant symptom reported by patients. Option D, chronic or relapsing course, is another important criterion as atopic dermatitis tends to be a chronic condition with periods of exacerbation and remission. In an educational context, understanding the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis is essential for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses. By knowing the key features and major criteria, nurses can accurately assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate care for patients with atopic dermatitis. This knowledge helps in formulating effective treatment plans and educating patients and their families on managing this chronic skin condition.