The most common medical complication of alcohol abuse is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol abuse can lead to various medical complications, including liver failure (choice A), tolerance and physical dependence (choice B), and nerve injury, ataxia, and dementia (choice C). Liver cirrhosis is a well-known consequence of chronic alcohol abuse due to liver damage. Tolerance and physical dependence develop with prolonged alcohol consumption. Nerve injury, ataxia, and dementia can result from alcohol-related vitamin deficiencies and neurotoxic effects. Therefore, all of the choices are common medical complications of alcohol abuse.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mirtazapine. Mirtazapine is known to have significant alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonism, leading to increased release of norepinephrine and serotonin. This mechanism of action helps improve mood and alleviate depression symptoms. Amitriptyline, Nefazodone, and Doxepin do not have significant alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonism. Amitriptyline primarily works by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, Nefazodone primarily inhibits serotonin reuptake, and Doxepin primarily blocks histamine receptors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Triazolam. Triazolam has a short elimination half-life, around 2-5 hours, due to its rapid metabolism. Quazepam (choice A) has a longer elimination half-life, around 39 hours. Diazepam (choice C) has a longer elimination half-life, around 20-100 hours. Clorazepate (choice D) has a longer elimination half-life, around 36-200 hours. In summary, Triazolam is the correct answer as it has the shortest elimination half-life compared to the other benzodiazepines listed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because industrial solvent inhalation can cause quick intoxication due to the rapid absorption into the bloodstream, euphoria and a relaxed feeling due to the effects on the central nervous system, disorientation, slow passage of time, and hallucinations due to the impact on brain function. Choices A, B, and C all reflect different aspects of the effects of industrial solvent inhalation on the body and mind, making them incorrect individually. The combination of these effects, as stated in option D, accurately represents the comprehensive impact of inhalation of industrial solvents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium cromoglycate. Membrane-stabilizing agents stabilize cell membranes and prevent the release of inflammatory mediators. Sodium cromoglycate is a mast cell stabilizer that works by inhibiting the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances. Zileutin (A) is a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, Zafirlucast (C) and Montelukast (D) are leukotriene receptor antagonists, which work by blocking the action of leukotrienes, not by stabilizing cell membranes.