ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The MOST common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia, per pediatrics, from trisomy 21 affecting muscle tone (~1/700 births). Laxity and Ehlers-Danlos are rarer; benign hypotonia nonspecific; adrenal leukodystrophy progressive. Prevalence makes A the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A 4-year-old boy presented to ER with depressed consciousness and focal neurologic deficits, following head injury. Head CT findings shows multifocal low-density areas with punctate hemorrhages. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Brain contusion fits depressed consciousness, focal deficits, and CT showing multifocal low-density areas with punctate hemorrhages, per trauma texts, from cortical bruising. Subdural and epidural are extra-axial; SAH CSF blood; intraparenchymal larger bleeds. Contusions pattern makes C the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Degenerative diseasmay affect gray matter (neuronal degenerative disorders), white matter (leukodystrophies), or both gray and white matter. Of the following, the LEAST likely applicable diagnostic tool of neurodegenerative disorders is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Brain biopsy is least likely for neurodegenerative diagnosis, per neurology, due to invasiveness and nonspecificity versus MRI showing atrophy, or enzyme tests (C-D-E) identifying metabolic defects (e.g., lysosomal in Tay-Sachs). Biopsys risk makes A the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 6-month-old male has been diagnosed with positional brachycephaly. The nurse is providing teaching about the use of a helmet for his therapy. Which statement indicatthat the parents understand the education?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wearing the helmet 23 hours daily reflects proper understanding of positional brachycephaly treatment, per orthotic guidelines. Helmets reshape the skull by consistent pressure, removed only for bathing or brief cleaning, optimizing efficacy at 6-12 months when skull molding is most effective. Awake-only use reducduration, delaying correction. Waiting until 9 months missthe optimal 4-12-month window. Duration is factual but doesnt confirm usage understanding. Cs adherence to 23-hour protocol, supported by AAP and craniofacial studies, makes itthe correct answer, ensuring therapeutic success.
Question 5 of 5
A child involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) is currently on a backboard with a cervical collar in place and has been diagnosed with a cervical fracture. Which would the nurse expect to find in the childs plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining spinal stabilization with methylprednisolone and ranitidine fits a cervical fracture post-MVA, per trauma protocols. Stabilization (collar, backboard) prevents cord injury; methylprednisolone reducinflammation (controversial but historically used); ranitidine protects against steroid-induced ulcers. Removing collar or all stabilization (C, D) risks movement; halo traction is later. Bs comprehensive approach, aligned with ATLS, makes itthe correct answer.