ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The MOST common focal presentation of arterial ischemic stroke is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemiparesis is the most common focal sign of childhood arterial ischemic stroke, per studi(e.g., ICH), from MCA territory infarction. Visual , speech , sensory , and balance deficits are less frequent. Motor predominance makes A the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Reversible gallbladder pseudolithiasis, detectable by abdominal ultrasonography during treatment of bacterial meningitis is usually caused by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ceftriaxone causreversible gallbladder pseudolithiasis via biliary precipitation, per case reports. Ceftazidime , cefotaxime , meropenem , and chloramphenicol lack this effect. Ceftriaxonunique side effect makes C the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
The following virushave clinical manifestations similar to that of the enteroviruswith the exception of more severe MRI lesions of the cerebral cortex and at timan absence of a CSF pleocytosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HSV-1 mimics enterovirus symptoms but caussevere cortical MRI lesions and occasional absent pleocytosis, per studies. Arbovirus, parechovirus, rabi, and EBV align closer to enterovirus CSF findings. HSVs severity makes C the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
The following are hematologic causof childhood pseudotumor cerebri EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pseudotumor cerebri links to hematologic issulike Wiskott-Aldrich , megaloblastic anemia , polycythemia , and sickle cell via thrombosis or viscosity. Fanconi anemia causmarrow failure, not ICP. This mechanistic gap makes D the exception and correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 3-year-old female has a 2-week history of fever, bifrontal headache, lethargy, and vomiting. She has perioral cyanosis and dyspnea since infancy. She has a 10-minute focal tonic-clonic seizure. She is obtunded, temperature 100.8°F, pulse 118, BP 96/70 mm Hg. Perioral cyanosis is noted at rest, with a harsh pansystolic murmur along the left sternal border. Bilateral papilledema and right-sided weakness with hyperreflexia and extensor plantar reflex are present. The most likely cause of hemiparesis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A brain abscess best explains this scenario. The childs congenital heart defect (likely tetralogy of Fallot, given cyanosis and murmur) predisposto paradoxical emboli, seeding a brain abscess. Fever, headache, lethargy, vomiting, and focal seizure over 2 weeks, plus papilledema and focal neurologic signs (hemiparesis, hyperreflexia, Babinski), suggest an intracranial mass with infection. Abscessare common in cyanotic heart disease due to right-to-left shunting. Moyamoya causischemia, not fever or papilledema acutely. Brain tumor grows slowly, lacking fever. Intracranial hemorrhage is acute, not subacute with infection signs. Methemoglobinemia (original D) causcyanosis but not focal neurology or abscess. Abscesss fit with infection, mass effect, and cardiac history makes D the correct answer.