The MOST common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, understanding the extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer to the question, "The MOST common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease is D) iron-deficiency anemia," is supported by the fact that malabsorption of nutrients, particularly iron, is a hallmark feature of celiac disease. When the small intestine is damaged due to gluten ingestion, the absorption of iron is impaired, leading to iron-deficiency anemia. Option A) osteoporosis is a possible complication of celiac disease due to impaired absorption of calcium and vitamin D; however, it is not the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Option B) short stature may occur in children with untreated celiac disease due to malabsorption of essential nutrients, but it is not the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Option C) arthritis is not a typical extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease in children. Educationally, healthcare providers should be aware of the diverse clinical presentations of celiac disease, including both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations, to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate management. Recognizing iron-deficiency anemia as a common extraintestinal manifestation can prompt clinicians to consider celiac disease in pediatric patients presenting with unexplained anemia, leading to timely intervention and improved outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In newborns with congenital chloride diarrhea, the most common laboratory finding is hyperchloremia. This occurs because chloride is lost in large amounts in the stool, leading to an excess of chloride in the blood. This results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to the loss of bicarbonate in the stool, which is not reabsorbed. Metabolic alkalosis (Option A) is less likely because the loss of chloride and bicarbonate in the stool leads to an acidotic state rather than alkalosis. Hyperkalemia (Option C) and hypernatremia (Option D) are less likely because they are not typically seen in congenital chloride diarrhea. Hyperchloremia is the hallmark finding in this condition due to the excessive loss of chloride in the stool. Educationally, understanding the pathophysiology behind laboratory findings in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals caring for these patients. Recognizing the significance of hyperchloremia in congenital chloride diarrhea can aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent severe complications associated with electrolyte imbalances in newborns.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) azithromycin for the first-line treatment of children with Vibrio cholera due to its efficacy and safety profile in this population. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is effective against Vibrio cholera and is well-tolerated in pediatric patients. It is often preferred over other antibiotics due to its broad spectrum of activity and minimal side effects. Option B) ciprofloxacin is not the first-line treatment for Vibrio cholera in children because of concerns about its safety profile, especially in young patients. Ciprofloxacin is associated with potential adverse effects on growing cartilage and should be avoided in pediatric populations whenever possible. Option C) doxycycline is not recommended for children with Vibrio cholera as it can cause permanent discoloration of teeth and is contraindicated in pediatric patients under the age of 8 years due to its effects on bone growth and development. Option D) ampicillin is not the first-line treatment for Vibrio cholera as this bacterium is often resistant to penicillin-based antibiotics. Using ampicillin as a treatment could be ineffective and potentially worsen the infection by promoting antibiotic resistance. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate first-line treatment for pediatric gastrointestinal infections like Vibrio cholera is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working with children. By knowing the most effective and safe treatment options, healthcare professionals can ensure better outcomes for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal disorders and prevent potential complications associated with inappropriate antibiotic use.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, like diarrhea, enteral feeding plays a crucial role in aiding recovery. Choosing the right foods is essential to prevent exacerbating the condition. In this case, the correct answer is D) juices. While juices are often seen as a source of hydration, they should be avoided during diarrhea as they can worsen the symptoms due to their high sugar content and osmolarity, which can draw water into the intestines and worsen diarrhea. Regarding the other options: A) Rice and B) Potatoes are generally well-tolerated and recommended during diarrhea as they are easily digestible and provide energy. C) Lean meats can also be a good source of protein for children, but in some cases, they may be harder to digest compared to other options like rice or potatoes. It is essential for healthcare professionals, especially those preparing for the NCLEX exam, to understand the nuances of dietary management in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. By avoiding high-sugar beverages like juices during diarrhea, healthcare providers can help promote faster recovery and prevent complications. This knowledge is crucial in providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients with gastrointestinal issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, increased fecal calprotectin concentration is seen in intestinal inflammation, making option C the correct answer. Calprotectin is a protein released by neutrophils in response to inflammation in the intestines. Elevated levels of fecal calprotectin indicate ongoing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, making it a valuable marker for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory conditions. Option A, fat malabsorption, is incorrect because it does not directly lead to an increase in fecal calprotectin levels. In fat malabsorption, the primary concern is the incomplete absorption of dietary fats, leading to symptoms like steatorrhea. Carbohydrate malabsorption, option B, similarly does not directly affect fecal calprotectin levels. Option D, pancreatic function reduction, is also incorrect in the context of fecal calprotectin concentration. Impaired pancreatic function typically leads to issues with digestion and absorption of nutrients, particularly fats and proteins, but it does not directly impact fecal calprotectin levels, which are more specific to intestinal inflammation. Educationally, understanding the significance of fecal calprotectin levels in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals working with children. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring conditions like IBD, allowing for timely intervention and management. By grasping the relationship between inflammation and fecal calprotectin levels, healthcare providers can make informed decisions regarding treatment strategies and patient care.