The MOST common childhood symptom of hereditary angioedema is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In hereditary angioedema, the most common childhood symptom is cutaneous non-pitting and non-pruritic edema not associated with urticaria, which is option C. This is because hereditary angioedema is characterized by localized swelling in the deep layers of the skin and mucous membranes, which typically does not cause itching (non-pruritic) and does not leave an indentation when pressed (non-pitting). Option A is incorrect because it describes edema associated with urticaria (hives), which is not typically seen in hereditary angioedema. Option B is incorrect as pitting edema is not a characteristic of hereditary angioedema. Option D is also incorrect as urticaria is not commonly associated with hereditary angioedema in children. Understanding the distinguishing features of hereditary angioedema in children is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide accurate assessment and prompt intervention. By differentiating the symptoms of hereditary angioedema from other conditions, nurses can ensure appropriate treatment and management to prevent complications and improve outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) elimination and challenge test. In the context of establishing the diagnosis of cell-mediated food reactions in pediatric patients, an elimination and challenge test is the most appropriate method. This type of testing involves removing the suspected food from the diet (elimination) for a period of time and then reintroducing it (challenge) to observe for any adverse reactions. This process helps identify if the symptoms are indeed related to a specific food. A) The breath hydrogen test is used to diagnose lactose intolerance and does not specifically assess cell-mediated food reactions. B) Endoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the inside of the gastrointestinal tract and is not specific to diagnosing cell-mediated food reactions. D) IgE testing is used to identify IgE-mediated food allergies, which are different from cell-mediated reactions. Educationally, understanding the different methods of diagnosing food reactions in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers working in pediatric nursing. By knowing the appropriate tests for different types of reactions, nurses can provide effective care, dietary recommendations, and support to pediatric patients and their families dealing with food-related issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this pediatric nursing review question, the correct answer is D) ceftazidime because it is the only option that does not share an identical side chain with penicillin. Ceftazidime belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, which have a different side chain structure compared to penicillins. Option A) cephalexin, Option B) cefotaxime, and Option C) cefixime are all cephalosporins that share a similar beta-lactam ring structure with penicillin but have different side chains. By understanding the unique side chain structures of these antibiotics, healthcare providers can make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate medication for pediatric patients. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of understanding the chemical structures of antibiotics in pediatric nursing practice. It highlights the need for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about antibiotic classes, their differences, and their potential cross-reactivity or allergies in order to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Understanding these distinctions can help prevent medication errors and adverse drug reactions in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, monitoring asthma and airway inflammation is crucial for effective management. The correct answer is B) exhaled nitric oxide analysis. This test directly measures the level of nitric oxide in the child's breath, which is elevated in asthma due to airway inflammation. By monitoring nitric oxide levels, healthcare providers can assess airway inflammation and adjust treatment accordingly. Option A) spirometry is a valuable tool in diagnosing asthma and assessing lung function, but it does not directly monitor airway inflammation like exhaled nitric oxide analysis. Option C) radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is used to detect allergen-specific IgE antibodies in blood, helpful in identifying triggers for asthma exacerbations but does not monitor airway inflammation directly. Option D) fluorescent enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) is a test used to detect specific IgE antibodies in blood, similar to RAST, but does not directly monitor asthma or airway inflammation. Educationally, understanding the specific monitoring tools for asthma in pediatric patients is essential for nursing practice. By knowing which tests directly assess airway inflammation, nurses can provide more targeted care and interventions for children with asthma, leading to better outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the different forms of rhinitis is crucial for providing effective care to children. The correct answer to this question is D) infectious rhinitis. This is the most common form of nonallergic rhinitis in children because children are more susceptible to viral infections, such as the common cold, which can lead to rhinitis symptoms. Option A) noninfectious (vasomotor) rhinitis is not the most common form in children. This type is more commonly seen in adults and is triggered by environmental factors like strong odors or changes in temperature. Option B) nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia is a specific condition characterized by high levels of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa, which is not the most common form in children. Option C) physical rhinitis refers to rhinitis triggered by physical factors like cold air or strong smells, but it is not the most common form in children. Educationally, understanding the prevalence of infectious rhinitis in children helps nurses differentiate between various types of rhinitis and provide appropriate care. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis can aid in early intervention and management to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications in pediatric patients.